海洋石油钻井平台作业人员职业紧张状况和社会心理因素研究

Study on the occupational stress and psychosocial factors of staffs on offshore oil platform

目的研究海洋石油钻井平台作业人员的职业紧张状况和社会心理因素。方法分别采用职业紧张量表(OSI-R)和工作内容量表(JCQ)测试某国有石油企业一个海洋石油钻井平台72名作业人员的职业紧张状况和社会心理因素。将作业人员按照婚姻状况、文化程度、工龄以及岗位分组,比较OSI-R的3个问卷和JCQ各模块的得分情况,并分析JCQ各模块与OSI-R3个问卷之间的相关性。结果该平台文化程度较高的作业人员职业任务问卷和个体紧张反应问卷得分显著高于文化程度低的作业人员(P<0.05);管理人员职业任务问卷得分显著高于工人(P<0.05)。已婚的作业人员上司支持和社会支持明显低于未婚的作业人员(P<0.05),工龄较长的作业人员的上司支持明显低于工龄较短的作业人员(P<0.05),工人的技术自主度明显低于管理人员(P<0.05)。不稳定工作因素和工作要求是职业任务问卷和个体紧张反应问卷的影响因素,同事支持和技术自主度是应对资源问卷的影响因素。结论海洋石油钻井平台作业人员的职业紧张状况明显,较高的文化程度和管理人员岗位是职业紧张的危险因素。OSI-R和JCQ两个量表之间有一定的关联。

[Objective] To investigate the occupational stress and psychosocial factors of staffs on offshore oil platform [Methods]The Occupational stress inventory-revised （OSI-R） and the Job content questionnaire （JCQ） were used to test the occupational stress and psychosocial factors in 72 employees on an offshore oil platform of a Chinese state-owned oil company. The scores of 3 questionnaires of OSI-R and every items of JCQ were compared between employees with different marital status, education level, working age and position （worker or administrator）. The correlations between items of JCQ and questionnaires of OSI-R were also analyzed.[Results]The scores of Occupational role questionnaire （ORQ） and Personal strain questionnaire （PSQ） in employees with higher education level were significantly higher than those in employees with lower education level （P〈0.05）, while the score of ORQ in administrators was significantly higher than workers （P〈0.05）. The scores of supervisor support and social support in married employees were significantly lower than those in unmarried employees （P〈0.05）, the score of supervisor support in employees with longer working age was significantly lower than that in employees with shorter working age （P〈0.05）, and the decision authority of workers was significantly lower than administrators （P〈0.05）. The job insecurity and job demand were the influencing factors of ORQ and PSQ, while the eoworker social support and decision authority were the influencing factors of coping resources questionnaire. [Concluslon]The occupational stress in employees on offshore oil platform is quite serious, and higher education level and management position are the risk factors for occupational stress. There is a correlation between OSI-R and JCQ.