2004—2013年北京市海淀区流行性脑脊髓膜炎流行病学分析

Epidemiological analysis on epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis in Haidian District of Beijing from 2004-2013

目的了解2004—2013年北京市海淀区流行性脑脊髓膜炎（流脑）流行病学特征,为预防控制流脑提供依据。方法对流脑病例进行描述流行病学分析。结果 2004—2013年海淀区共报告75例流脑病例,死亡14例,发病水平呈下降趋势,外来人口发病率和死亡率远远高于该市人口（χ^2=74.314,P〈0.001）。病例分布在22个地区,均为散发;3—5月为高发季节,占病例总数的67.00%（50/75）;男性比女性多,性别比为3.17∶1（57∶18）;15-30岁是高发年龄,占病例总数的46.67%（35/75）;发病以民工和学生为主,占病例总数的65.33%（49/75）。结论 2004—2013年海淀区流脑发病水平呈持续下降趋势,并维持在极低水平,要继续做好流脑疫苗常规接种和外来务工人员流脑疫苗接种,并加强流脑病例、健康人群流脑病原学监测。

[Objective] To understand the epidemiological characteristics of epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis in Haidian District of Beijing from 2004-2013, provide the scientific basis for prevention and control of the disease.[Methods]The cases of epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis were analyzed by the epidemiological method. [Results]75 cases of epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis were reported in Haidian District from 2004-2013, with 14 death cases. The incidence showed a decreasing trend. The incidence rate and mortality in floating population were significantly higher than those in local population （χ^2=74.314, P〈0.001）. The cases distributed in 22 areas, and all were sporadic. The peak season appeared between March and May, and the cases accounted for 67.00% of the total cases （50/75）. The male cases were more than female cases, with the male-to-female ratio of 3.17：1 （57：18）. Most of cases were people aged 15 -30 years old, accounting for 46.67% （35/75） of the total cases. The patients were mainly migrant laborers and students, accounting for 65.33% （49/75）. [ Conclusion]The epidemic situation of epidemic eerebrospinal meningitis in Haidian District of Beijing has decreased gradually from 2004-2013, and maintaining at an extremely low level. Accordingly, it is necessary to continuously carry out the conventional immunization of epidemic eerebrospinal meningitis vaccine, especially for migrant laborers, and strengthen the serological surveillance among epidemic eerebrospinal meningitis eases and healthy population.