南京市中小学学生体型特征分析

Analysis of somatotype characteristics of primary and secondary school students in Nanjing

目的探讨南京市中小学生不同年龄段体型特征及随着年龄增长体型的变化规律。方法运用希斯-卡特体型测量法对南京市6-17岁段中小学学生进行体型的测量与评定。结果共调查了4 071人,中小学生体型3因子平均值男生为3.0—3.5—3.3,女生为3.9—3.4—3.4;男生6-11岁小学阶段的体型为偏均衡内胚层体型,12-14岁的初中生阶段为偏中胚层-外胚层均衡体型,而15-17岁男生阶段的体型为均衡的中胚层体型;6-11岁小学生女生体型为偏中胚层型的外胚层体型,12-14岁的初中女生体型为比较均衡的中胚层体型,15-17岁高中女生体型为比较均衡的内胚层体型;11岁开始男女生体型差异性有统计学意义（t=2.61,P〈0.05）,15岁男女生体型差异最大（t=5.32,P〈0.05）。结论南京市中小学生体型随年龄的增长而发生变化,体型存在性别差异。

[ Objective ] To investigate the somalotype characteristics of primary and secondary school students in different ages in Nanjing and the change rule of somatotype with the growing of age. [Methods] By Heath-Carter somatotype method, the somatotypes of 6-17 years old students in Nanjing were measured and evaluated. [Results] A total of 4 071 students were investigated. The mean of 3 factors of somatotype in boys was 3.0-3.5-3.3,and in girls was 3.9-3.4-3.4. The somatotype of boys aged 6-II was balanced endomorph, and mesomorphie-etcomorph in 12-14 years old, and balanced mesomorph in 15-17 years old. The somatotype of girls aged 6-11 was mesomorphic-ectomorph, and balanced mesomorph in 12-14 years old;balanced endomorph in 15-18 years old. The differences of somatotype between boys and girls from 11 years old was statistically significant （t=2.61, P〈0.05）, and in 15 years old the difference was the biggest （t=5.32, P〈0.05）.[Conclusion] The somatotype of Nanjing primary and secondary school students varies with age. There are gender differences in somatotype.