钾肥对马铃薯干物质积累、钾素吸收及利用效率的影响

Effects of Potassium Fertilizer on Dry Matter Accumulation,Potassium Absorption and Utilization Efficiency of Potato

为贵州马铃薯高产栽培的钾肥管理提供科学依据,研究钾肥不同施用量(0、60、120、240、360 kg/hm2)马铃薯的干物质积累、钾素吸收及钾肥利用率。结果表明:1马铃薯植株干物质积累量和钾素积累量随马铃薯生长发育而增加,变化动态可以用Logistic方程拟合。2出苗60 d时,施钾120、240、360 kg/hm2处理较不施钾处理显著提高马铃薯干物质积累量和钾素积累量;70 d时,施钾处理马铃薯干物质积累量和钾素积累量开始降低,但均高于不施钾的处理。3施用钾肥延缓了马铃薯干物质最大积累率和钾素最大积累速率出现时间,施钾量越高延缓时间越长。4施钾量为120 kg/hm2时马铃薯增产效果最佳,产量达35 269 kg/hm2,钾肥农学效率、钾肥利用率均显著高于高钾处理(240和360 kg/hm2)。

Effects of potassium fertilizing amount（ 0,60,120,240,360 kg / hm2） on potato dry matter accumulation,potassium absorption and utilization efficiency were studied to provide a scientific reference for potassium management in high-yield cultivation of potato. Results：（ i） The accumulation amount of dry matter and potassium increased with potato growing. The dynamic changes could be fitted with Logistic equation.（ ii） Compared with the treatment without applying potassium fertilizer,optimum potassium fertilizer（ 120,240,360 kg / hm2）could significantly enhance the accumulation amounts of dry matter and potassium 60 days after seedling emergence,while decreased 70 days later,which was still higher than the treatment without applying potassium fertilizer.（ iii） Applying potassium fertilizer delayed the occurrence time of maximum accumulation rates of dry matter and potassium. And the higher the later.（ iv） When potassium fertilizing amount was 120 kg / hm2,the yield reached 35 269 kg/hm2,and the agronomic efficiency and utilization rate were significantly higher than high-potassium treatments（ 240,360 kg / hm2）.