播期和土壤改良剂用量对烤烟中微量元素含量和产质量的影响

Effects of Sowing Time and Dosage of Soil Amendment on Contents of Medium and Trace Elements and Yield and Quality of Flue-cured Tobacco

为解决广东梅州烟区烤烟生产过程中因播期不适和土壤酸化等引起烤烟产量和品质下降问题,以云烟87为材料,设置了4个播期为主处理和3种浓度土壤改良剂为副处理的大田裂区试验,分析了不同播期和土壤改良剂用量对烤烟生育期进程、农艺性状及烤烟产量和品质的影响。结果表明:1随着播期的推迟,烟株的苗龄期和大田生育期缩短,而土壤改良剂对烤烟的大田生育期无明显影响。2播期对烤烟的株高、茎围及叶面积有影响,且随播期的推迟呈下降趋势,花叶病发病率随播期的推迟而上升;土壤改良剂能够增加烤烟的株高和茎围,对发病率和叶面积的影响不显著。3早播的产量和品质均较晚播的好,添加土壤改良剂能够改善烟叶的内在品质,使烤烟中微量元素的含量协调,提高烟叶的品质,且当土壤改良剂用量为450 kg·hm-2时烤烟能够获得较好品质,用量为900 kg·hm-2时烤烟能够获得最大产量。结合当地实际生产和试验结果建议当地早播,土壤改良剂的用量建议为450 kg·hm-2。

In order to solve the problems existing in the production of flue-cured tobacco at Meizhou of Guangdong about sowing time discomfort and soil acidification,a variety（ Yunyan87） was used as tested material,the field experiment by a split plot design was conducted,including four sowing time as main treatments and three different concentrations of soil amendment as vice treatments,to investigate the effects of sowing time and amendment dosage on the growth period and agronomic of flue-cured tobacco plants and analyze their yield and quality.The results showed that：（ i） with the postponement of the sowing time,the growth peak period and baked period tended to shorten,while amendments had no significant effects on the processes of tobacco plant development.（ ii） Sowing time had effects on the plant height,stem and leaf area of flue-cured tobacco and decreased along with sowing date postponed,and Mosaic disease morbidity increased with the delay of sowing date; Soil amendments had no effects on morbidity and leaf area,but it could improve flue-cured tobacco plant height,stem.（ iii）The yield and quality of the earlier planting were better than that of later planting,adding modifier could improve the inner quality of tobacco leaves,make flue-cured tobacco trace element content in coordination and enhance flue-cured tobacco quality. When soil amendment dosage was 450 kg / hm2,flue-cured tobacco could achieved better quality,and when 900 kg / hm2,flue-cured tobacco could obtained higher yield. Combined with local actual production and test results,it was suggested that local sowing time should be in advance,and the dosage of the soil amendment could be 450 kg / hm2.