明代中后期士商关系再探讨——以内阁首辅张四维为中心的研究

Connection Between Officials and Businessmen in Semi-late Ming Dynasty—Taking the Chief Cabinet Minister Zhang Siwei as an Example

明代士商关系学界关注已久,普遍认为明代中后期商品经济的发展促进了士商间的广泛交流。而通过对明代内阁首辅张四维这一成功士人进行分析可以发现:成长于商人家庭并处于商人关系网中的官员,虽因商人支持获利良多,但由于长期受儒家教育,反而会显示出"敬商远商"的情形。所谓士商交流密切,更大程度上是伴随着商人儒者化完成的,并非士人放下身段对商人的主动迎合。

The connection between businessmen and officials in Ming Dynasty has been a hot research topic. Researchers hold the view that development of economy in semi-late Ming Dynasty facilitated extensive communication between businessmen and officials.However,the research on the chief cabinet minister Zhang Siwei shows that officials accepting Confucianism education who were brought up in businessmen families and supported by the businessmen class kept a respectful distance from businessmen.In this case,the essence of this so-called “close communication”between businessmen and officials indicates that businessmen became more and more Confucian other than officials catered to businessmen.