硝化抑制剂型包膜肥料对玉米生理特性、产量、品质的影响

Effects of Nitrification Inhibitor Fly Ash Coated Slow Release Fertilizer on Physiological Characteristics Yield and Quality of Maize

为确定新型的、具有缓释效果的硝化抑制剂添加型自制包膜肥料的性能,以玉米品种五岳206为材料,采取随机区组的大田试验设计方案,设6个处理,分别为不施肥(ck),施用普通复合肥(CCF),施用树脂包膜复合肥(CRF),施用m(被包裹的普通复合肥)∶m(无机—有机混合包裹剂)∶m(双氰胺)=1.00∶0.25∶0.01(FCRF1),1.00∶0.25∶0.02(FCRF2),1.00∶0.25∶0.04(FCRF3)的自制包膜复合肥,按照N,P2O5,K2O为150kg/hm2的施用量作为基肥一次性施入,考察其对大田玉米生理特性、产量和品质的影响。结果表明,与施用普通复合肥料相比,施用3种添加了硝化抑制剂双氰胺的自制包膜缓释肥料能显著增强玉米后期的光合性能,提高玉米叶片内抗氧化物酶(SOD,POD,CAT)的活性和可溶性蛋白含量,同时降低叶片内MDA的含量;改善了玉米的农艺学性状,其生物产量提高了57.2%,64.6%,74.4%;籽粒产量提高了24.0%,31.4%,35.8%;改善了玉米籽粒的品质,提高了籽粒中淀粉、蛋白质、维生素C含量。新型硝化抑制剂型自制包膜缓释肥料对大田玉米的生长、发育均起促进作用,且以FCRF3的肥料所产生的效果最明显。

The aim of this study was to investigate the behavior of the new nitrification inhibitor homemade coated slow release fertilizer. Seeds of maize（ ‘Wuyue 206 ＇） were seeded,and six treatments were established as follows： the common soil without supplying fertilizer（ ck）; the common fertilizer applied into soil（ CCF）; the resin coated fertilizer applied into soil（ CRF）; the homemade slow release fertilizer,which contained common fertilizer,inorganic-organic hybrid coating agent and dicyandiamide. Furthermore,the ratio of them was 1.00∶0. 25∶ 0. 01（ FCRF1）,1. 00∶ 0. 25∶ 0. 02（ FCRF2）,1. 00∶ 0. 25∶ 0. 04（ FCRF3）. The treatments were arranged in a randomized block design,and applying the fertilizer as the basal one-time according to the standard of 150 kg / hm^2 of N,P2O5,K2 O to study the effect of the new nitrification inhibitor homemade coated slow release fertilizer on the physiological characters,yield and quality of maize in the field. The results showed that the three kinds of slow release fertilizer with different proportions of nitrification inhibitor,significantly enhanced the photosynthesis at later growth of maize,increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes（ SOD,POD,CAT） and the soluble protein content,at the same time decreased MDA content in leaves compared with common compound fertilizer. Meanwhile,the three kinds of homemade slow release fertilizer improved the agronomic characters,significantly increased the biomass by 57.2%,64.6%,74.4% and economic yields by 24.0%,31.4%,35.8% respectively,furthermore increased the content of starch,protein and vitamin C in grain compared with common fertilizer. Consequently the result demonstrated that new nitrification inhibitor homemade coated slow release fertilizer had a positive effect on regulating the growth and development of the maize in the filed and the best fertilizer was FCRF3.