基于风景园林设计发展历史的伊丽莎白·伯顿图式语言思想

On Elizabeth BOULTS' Study of Pattern Language in History of Landscape Design

"风景园林"的历史属性是人类适应自然和塑造满足自身需要的空间并改变其内涵的历史过程,对这一过程的研究形成了以现象认知为途径的地理学和景观诗学研究方法、以时间轴线为途径的编年史和断代史研究方法以及以图解(图式)为途径的设计语言研究方法 3大领域,其中伊丽莎白·伯顿基于风景园林设计历史发展的图式语言思想是图式学研究中的代表。以伊丽莎白·伯顿图式语言思想为核心,从5个阶段全面分析了不同历史时期风景园林设计的基本理念、基本设计原理图式和设计基本语汇图式。伊丽莎白·伯顿的图式语言思想从风景园林设计的本质思想源泉和方法探究风景园林的设计思想具有重要的学术价值和现实意义,但这一方法也在针对不同地区、不同文化、不同时期研究对象的设计语汇丰富性和多样性方面存在不足,还有待进一步发展完善。

The history of landscape architecture is the historical process of human＇s adaptation to natural environment, the shaping of space for their needs and the change of space＇s connotation. The study of the process has formed three fields and methods, which are： the geography and landscape poetics research method based on cognitive phenomena, the chronicle and periodic history research method based on time axis, and the pattern language research method based on illustration or pattern ways. Elizabeth BOULTS＇ thought on pattern language based on the pattern language of landscape design is the most representative among all studies. Based on the core concept of BOULTS＇ ideology, this paper analyzes the different basic concepts, basic design principles and design vocabularies of pattern language of landscape design from five stages of historical period. BOULTS＇ thoughts has important academic value and practical significance in its essence of landscape design and methods to explore the design ideas of landscape architecture, but its complexity and diversity in the vocabulary of design language for the research subjects from different regions, cultures and time periods are still incomplete and remains to be further developed.