高学历劳动力就业困境及其原因探析

The Employment Difficulties of the Highly Educated Labor Force and the Reason Analysis

本文构建了一个基于有限理性企业试错性筛选的动态微观劳动力市场模型,引入政府就业目标与企业最优化利润路径之间的关系,考察其对高学历劳动力就业的影响。利用中国工业企业数据,基于自然工具变量法进行的实证研究发现,无论是政府的先验线性目标(与经济增长率成比例的就业目标)还是后验非线性目标(当地国有企业就业规模),都抑制了大专及以上学历劳动力的就业规模,表明政府制定就业需要采用更为合理的方式,在不损害就业学历公平的前提下,保障劳动力市场效率。

This paper constructs a micro-dynamic labor market model based on the finite rational enterprise＇ s trial-and- error screening, brings the contradiction between government employment goals and business profit optimization path, and examines their impact on the scale of highly educated labor force. It considers that in order to achieve the requirement of government employment targets, the companies in the recruitment of labor can only deviate from the optimal path and choose the ＂trial and error screening＂, so it reduces the recruitment efforts for highly educated labor force. Based on the instrumental variables method and Chinese industrial enterprise data, the empirical research shows that whether it is a priori linear objective of the Government （ the goal of economic growth and employment in proportion ） or posterior nonlinear objectives （ employment size of local state-owned enterprises ）, the target will restrain the employment of college and university students. As a result, it needs a more rational manner without compromising the premise of fair employment qualifications to ensure the efficiency of the labor market.