非稳态噪声与作业工人高频听力损失的剂量-反应关系研究

A study on dose-response relationship between human hearing loss and non-stationary noise among workers

目的研究非稳态噪声作业工人的听力损失发生状况以及影响因素。方法采用横断面研究方法,以接触非稳态噪声≥1年的无耳病史的571名男性工人为研究对象,采用问卷调查噪声接触史、吸烟与饮酒等情况。对噪声接触者测定500、1 000、2 000、3 000、4 000和6 000 Hz 6个频段的听阈,并进行作业环境8 h等效声级检测,分析影响听力损失的因素。结果非稳态噪声作业工人双耳高频听力损失的患病率为52.54%,单耳高频听力损失患病率为71.98%(按人数计)。不同的现场噪声8 h等效声级、接噪工龄和累积噪声暴露量者之间听力损失的患病率差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.01)。8 h等效声级、接噪工龄和累积噪声暴露量与高频听力损失的危险性存在剂量-反应关系(P均<0.01)。结论非稳态噪声接触对作业工人高频听力造成损害,具有剂量-反应关系。

Objective To investigate the incidence and risk factors of hearing loss among the workers exposed to non -stationary noise.Methods A cross -sectional study was conducted among the participants.571 male workers without any history of ear disorder were enrolled in this study.They had been exposed to non -stationary noise for one year or more. The history of noise exposure,smoking and drinking behavior were interviewed by using a questionnaire.The noise exposure in the workplace was measured at eight -hour equivalent noise level （LEX.8h ）and the thresholds of hearing at 500,1 000,2 000,3 000,4 000 and 6 000 Hz were detected.Results The prevalence of high -frequency hearing loss of two ears was 52.54%,while the prevalence of hearing loss of one ear was 71.98%.There were significant differences of prevalence among different groups of workers in LEX.8h ,duration of noise exposure and the cumulative noise exposure （CNE）（P〈0.01）.There was a dose response relationship between noise exposure and the risk of hearing loss （P〈0.01）.Conclusion Non -stationary noise exposure may contribute to hearing loss of workers.There is a good dose -effect relationship between the hearing loss and non -stationary noise.