从“臣民”到“公民”——北美独立战争期间殖民者在各州宪法中的身份转变被引量：3

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摘要在北美独立战争期间,"公民"一词取代此前特许状中的"臣民"一词,开始被写入部分殖民地新制定的州宪法之中,从而开启了殖民者在法律身份上由"臣民"转变为"公民"的历史进程。但是这种转变并非一蹴而就,而是渐进缓慢的。对于正在与英国决裂的殖民者而言,虽然他们已意识到自己不再是"臣民"、并刻意避免使用"臣民"的称谓,但他们似乎还无法一下子彻底抛弃"臣民"之语的使用;与此同时,他们虽然也已经认识到自己正在成为一名逐渐成形的新政体的"公民",并有意地使用"公民"一词,但似乎一时还无法完全在法律思维和语言上为"公民"用语找到合适的位置。恰值这"旧去新来"的档口,制宪者们在各州宪法中频繁地运用"居民"、"人民"、"自由人"、"不动产所有者"等旧有法律资源中的其他身份词汇来填补空缺,架起了"臣民"向"公民"过渡的桥梁。在此过程中,"臣民"概念逐渐褪去了原有的君主制色彩,而"公民"概念本身则发生"裂变",催生了具有精英主义和民主主义两种不同倾向的"公民身份"。

作者邵声

机构地区北京大学历史学系

出处《华东政法大学学报》 CSSCI 北大核心 2015年第3期12-21,共10页 Ecupl Journal

基金重庆大学中央高校基本科研业务费(项目号106112015CDJSK47XK32)资助

关键词臣民公民美国州宪法北美独立战争殖民者身份

分类号 D971.2 [政治法律—法学] DD911 [政治法律]

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