蒙古扁桃植物的潜在地理分布及居群保护优先性

The potential distribution and population protection priority of Amygdalus mongolica

基于野外调查的分布数据,利用GIS技术与生态位模型(MAXENT)模拟、分析、揭示第三纪孑遗、濒危蒙古扁桃植物在亚洲中部荒漠区的潜在地理分布、格局及驱动因子。并将模拟得到的蒙古扁桃在不同地区的平均潜在发生概率与研究区的土地利用数据(主要公路、铁路及县、地市级居民点用地)叠加,进行缓冲分析,以鉴别该濒危植物的保护区面积,进而确定各居群的保护优先性。结果表明:(1)蒙古扁桃的潜在分布都集中在蒙古的南戈壁省及东戈壁省、我国内蒙古自治区巴彦淖尔市、阿拉善左旗、鄂尔多斯高原、锡林郭勒盟西部、河西走廊中部及东部、宁夏回族自治区北部及陕西省北部,以及河北省北部的部分地区;(2)反映极端气候条件的极端最低温度和最暖季降水量主要控制了蒙古扁桃的潜在分布;(3)定量评价了人类活动对蒙古扁桃适生生境的干扰,获得的核心保护区、缓冲区可以较好地指导该植物的原地保护和不同居群的保护优先性。

Basing on the distribution data from field investigation,using GIS and ecological niche model（ MAXENT） to simulate,analysis,and to reveal the potential distributions,patterns and determinant factors of Amygdalus mongolica in the Central Asian Desert. Buffer analysis,based on the appending of average occurrence probability of A. mongolica in different areas and the land use（ principal highway,railway,and residents） data of our study area,was carried out for confirming the protection priority of different populations. Results show：（ 1） the potential distributions concentrated in Alax and East Gobi of Mongolia,in bayannur,Alxa Zuoqi,Ordos Plateau and western Xi Lin Guo Lengmeng of Inner Mongolia,in central and eastern areas of Hexi Corridor,in northern Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region and Shaanxi province,and in the part areas of northern Heibei province;（ 2） the distribution-influencing factors of A. mongolica are mainly the extreme temperature andprecipitation： the extremely low temperature and the most dought season precipitation;（ 3） the disturbance of human activities to suitable habitats of A. mongolica was evaluated quantitatively,and the obtained core and buffer areas of reserves,and can guide in situ conservation and protection priority of different populations of this species very well.