北方冬季有蹄类动物4种数量调查方法的比较

A comparative study on four survey methods used in ungulate population size estimation in winter in North China

科学的种群数量调查方法的探索一直是困扰北方有蹄类动物种群资源有效管理工作的重要问题。目前,北方野生有蹄类调查所采用的方法主要有样线法、样带法、大样方法和非损伤性CMR法4种。然而,不同的调查方法基于的统计学假设和生态学原理不同,调查结果往往会出现很大差异,迫切需要对北方冬季有蹄类动物的这4种调查方法的有效性进行评估。以驼鹿种群数量调查为例,采用样线法、样带法、大样方法和非损伤性CMR调查法,于2012年3月和2012年12月对内蒙古汗马国家级自然保护区约120 km2的区域驼鹿种群数量进行了调查和评估。结果显示,以上4种方法得到的驼鹿种群数量分别为:样线法168(109—227)只,样带法237(165—309)只,大样方法 37(23—50)只,非损伤性CMR法55(43—68)只,表明样线法和样带法的调查结果远大于大样方法和非损伤性CMR法,并探讨了不同调查方法应用的科学性、限制性和适用性,为北方冬季有蹄类动物种群资源调查方法的选择和应用提供了科学参考。

Research on reliable ungulate population size estimation has always been a core and confusing problem in north China. Currently,four methods are widely used in ungulate population size survey in north China,i. e.,transect method,belt transect method,sample plot and non-invasive CMR method. However,these four methods are based on different assumptions and calculating methods,which may lead to significant differences in results generated by different methods. It is an urgent need to make a validity evaluation for the effectiveness of the four methods. We used the four methods mentioned above to assess the population size of moose（ Alces alces cameloides） in an area of about 120km2 in Hanma National Nature Reserve in two time frame,Feb. to Mar. 2012 and Dec. 2012. Theresults showed that population size estimated by these methods were 168（ 109—227） individuals,237（ 165—309） individuals,37（ 23—50） individuals,55（ 43—68） individuals,correspondingly. It is obvious that results from the two methods（ transect method and belt transect method） traditionally used in north China are significantly higher than those of the two methods（ sample plot and non-invasive CMR method） newly introduced to China. We further discuss the reliability,limitation and applicability of different methods to provide scientific reference to selection and application of suitable ungulate population survey methodsduring winter in north China.