昆虫体型及性体型二型性的地理变异

Geographical variation in body size and sexual size dimorphism in insects

体型是昆虫基本的形态特性,它会影响到昆虫几乎所有的生理和生活史特性。同种昆虫不同地理种群在体型上常表现出明显的渐变,导致这些渐变的环境因素包括温度、湿度、光照、寄主植物、种群密度等,并且多种环境因素也会对昆虫种群内个体体型产生影响。雌雄个体的体型存在差异,称性体型二型性。性体型二型性也显示了地理差异。这些差异形成的途径已经得到详细的分析,其形成机制导致多个假说的提出,这些假说又在多种昆虫中得到验证。本文从同一种昆虫不同种群间、同一种群内、雌雄虫个体间3个水平,对种内昆虫体型变异的方式,影响昆虫种群间体型变异和种群内昆虫体型的变异的环境因素,以及昆虫性体型二型性及其地理变异的现象等方面的研究进行了综述,并对未来的相关研究提供了建议。

Body size, a fundamental morphological trait in insects, affects virtually all physiological and life-history traits of an insect. Body size always shows a significant gradient change among different geographic populations of the same insect species. Many environmental factors including temperature, humidity, photoperiod, host plant, and population density contribute to this gradient change and also affect insect body size within a population. Males and females differ in their body size, a phenomenon called sexual size dimorphism （SSD）. There is also geographical variation in SSD. The ways those differences formed have been comprehensively analyzed, and the formation mechanisms of these variations caused the formulation of many hypotheses, which had been proved in many insect species. In this article, we summarized the ways insect body size varies among different geographic populations, the environmental factors affecting insect body size among different geographic populations and within one population, the phenomenon of sexual size dimorphism and the geographic variation of sexual size dimorphism, the ways sexual size dimorphism forms, the ultimate cause of sexual size dimorphism, the environmental factors of geographic variation of sexual size dimorphism from the three levels of inter- population, intra-population and individuals of different sex. Suggestions for future related research were also given.