468例食管鳞癌术后局部区域复发的三维适形调强放疗疗效及预后分析

Effect and prognosis of three dimensional conformal intensity modulated radiotherapy on 468 postoperative local recurrent esophageal squamous cell carcinomas

目的 探讨468例食管鳞癌术后局部区域复发患者三维适形调强放疗的疗效及相关预后因素.方法 回顾性分析468例食管鳞癌术后局部区域复发行放疗的患者资料,术后复发时间为2 ～ 252个月,中位数14.95个月.锁骨上区复发45例,纵隔复发291例,腹腔复发4例,吻合口复发15例,锁骨上区＋纵隔复发89例,吻合口＋纵隔复发11例,纵隔＋腹腔复发7例,锁骨上区＋吻合口复发1例,锁骨上区＋腹腔复发2例,吻合口＋纵隔＋锁骨上区复发3例.经典三维适形放疗（3D-CRT）224例,调强放疗（IMRT） 244例.放疗剂量40～70 Gy（中位放疗剂量59.4 Gy）.在166例联合化疗患者中,同步放化疗109例,序贯放化疗57例.Kaplan-Meier法计算生存率并Log-rank法检验和预后单因素分析,Cox法预后多因素分析.结果 随访率95.3％,总有效率为81.6％,其中CR为41.2％.术后局部区域复发放疗后1、2、3、4年生存率分别为61％、32％、21％和14％,中位生存期17.6个月.单因素分析显示年龄、术后病理分期、术后N分期、复发部位、病灶单或多发、病灶大小、近期疗效、放疗剂量、化疗与否与预后相关（χ^2 =4.814～247.322,P＜0.05）;多因素分析显示年龄、术后病理分期、病灶单或多发、病灶大小、近期疗效、放疗剂量、化疗与否是独立预后因素（P＜0.05）.术后局部区域复发放疗后患者死亡原因为局部及区域性复发致死176例,占死亡数的47.57％（176/370）;远处转移148例,占40.00％（148/370）;局部复发＋远处转移为16例,占4.32％ （16/370）;1例死于放射性肺炎;2例死于急性心肌梗塞;1例死于脑出血;原因不明26例（含失访）.肺是最常见的远处转移部位.结论 食管鳞癌术后局部区域复发患者三维适形调强放疗可以延长部分患者生存时间,年龄小于70岁,术后分期较早,单个复发病灶,小病灶,放疗剂量≥59.4 Gy,足量放疗后缓解者,采取同步放化疗的患者预后较好.

Objective To study the effect of three dimensional conformal intensity modulated radiotherapy and prognostic factors for postoperative local recurrent esophageal squamous cell carcinomas.Methods A total of 468 patieuts with postoperative local recurrent esophageal squamous cell carcinomas were retrospectively analyzed.The median interval between surgery and recurrence was 14.95 months （2-252 months）.There were 45 patients with supraclavicular lympy node relapse,291 with mediastinal lymph node relapse,4 with abdominal lymph node relapse,15 with anastomosis relapse,89 with supraclavicular and mediastinal lymph node relapse,11 with anastomosis and mediastinal lymph node relapse,7 with mediastinal and abdominal lymph node relapse,1 with supraclavicular and anastomosis relapse,2 with supraclavicular and abdominal lymph node relapse,3 with anastomosis,mediastinal and supraclavicular lymph node relapse.There were 224 patients who received three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy,and the other 244 patients of intensity-modulated radiation therapy,with a median dose of 59.4 Gy （40-70 Gy）.A total of 166 patients received adjuvant chemotherapy.Kaplan-Meier method was used to calculate the survival rate;Log-rank test was used for univariate prognostic analysis;Cox regression test was used for multivariate prognostic analysis.Results The follow-up rate was 95.3%.The recent curative effect in the effective rate was 81.6%,with 41.2% CR rate.The overall 1,2,3,4 years of survival rates after radiotherapy were 61%,32%,21%,14% respectively and the median survival time was 17.6 months.Univariate analysis showed that age,pathologic stage,the number of positive lymph node cleaning,the recurrence area,single or multiple lesions,the size of the lesion,overall response rate,radiation dose,and chemotherapy （χ^2 =4.814-247.322,P 〈 0.05） were associated with prognosis.Multivariate analysis showed that age,pathologic stage,the recurrence area,single or multiple lesions,the size of the lesion,overall response rate,radiation dose,and chemotherapy （P 〈0.05） were independent prognostic factors.A total of 370 patients had progressive diseases after radiotherapy,176 had local failure 47.57% （176/370）,148 had distant metastasis 40.00% （148/370） and 16 had both local and distant failures 4.32% （16/370）.One case died of pneumonia;2 cases died of acute myocardial infarction;1 case died of cerebral hemorrhage;26 cases died of unknown cause （including lost to follow-up）.Lung was the most common distant metastatic site.Conclusions Radiotherapy may improve the survival of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma patients with postoperative recurrence.Patients with less than 70 years old,early postoperative stage,single recurrent lesion,initial small lesions,response to radiotherapy,radiation dose of higher than 59.4 Gy,chemoradiation might have better prognosis.