论美国政府信息公开诉讼中知情权与隐私权的冲突与平衡被引量：5

The Conflicts and Balance between the Right to Know and Privacy in Freedom of Information Act Suits

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摘要美国国会在制定《信息自由法》时,为了保护公民个人的隐私权,建立了两个《信息自由法》免除公开条款:即第6免除公开条款和第7(c)免除公开条款。但美国联邦法院在《信息自由法》司法审查实践中形成了自己的平衡信息公开的公共利益与个人隐私权利益的隐私权保护框架,衍生出了最低限度的隐私权利益标准、《信息自由法》"核心目的"标准、"充分理由"与"合法推定"标准等三个原则。这三个原则是违反了立法者的意图和《信息自由法》的基本精神的。研究美国政府信息公开诉讼中知情权与隐私权平衡的立法和司法实践,对我国政府信息公开诉讼有启示意义。 In order to protect the privacy of citizens, when American congress formulates FIOA, two exemptions are set up： Exemption 6 and Exemption 7 （C）. However, in the practice of FIOA judicial review American federal court forms the framework of privacy protection which balances the public interest and personal privacy in information disclosure, and derives three principles such as the Minimal Privacy-- nterest Standard, ＂ Central ＂Presumption of Legitimacy＂ Purpose ＂ Standard and ＂ Sufficient Reason＂ and Standards. These three principles violate the intention of legislator and the basic spirit of FIOA. Studying the legislation and juridical practice of the right to know and privacy inspire our country＇s suits of government in Freedom of Information Act suits, will information publicity.

作者杨建生

机构地区广西师范大学法学院

出处《河北法学》 CSSCI 北大核心 2015年第5期133-143,共11页 Hebei Law Science

基金 2013年国家社科基金一般项目<政府信息公开司法审查的原理与技术研究>(13BFX043) 2014年度国家社会科学基金重大项目<全面推进依法治国与促进西南民族地区治理体系和治理能力现代化研究>(14ZDC026)

关键词美国政府信息公开诉讼知情权隐私权 America Freedom of Information Act Suits the right to know privacy.

分类号 DF49 [政治法律—经济法学]

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1Pub. L. 89-487, 80 Stat. 250 (1966).
2S. Rep. No. 89-813, at 10(1965).
3U.S. Dept of Justice v. Reporters Comm. for Freedom of the Press, 489 U.S. 749, 755 (1989).
45 U.S.C. ~ 552(b)(7)(C)(emphasis added).
5Natl Archives and Records Admin. v. Favish, 541 U.S. 157, 172 (2004).
6Wash. Post Co. v. U.S. Dept of State, 647 F. 2d. 197, 198 (D.C. Cir. 1981).
7U.S. Department of Justice v. Reporters Committee for Freedom of the Press 489 U. S. 749, 773(1989).
8Natl Archives and Records Admin. v. Favish, 541 U.S. 157, 170 (2004).
9Thomas L. Friedman, White House Aide Leaves No Clue About Suicide, N.Y. TIMES, July 22, 1993, at A1.
10Favish v. Office of the Independent Counsel, No. CV - 97 - 01479 - WDK,34 ( C. D. Calif. , Mar. 1997 ).