公共财政支持普惠性幼儿园:基于学券制分析框架的中美比较

Public Finance for Universal Kindergartens: A Sino-U.S. Comparative Study Based on Analytical Framework of Vouchers

利用公共财政来支持普惠性幼儿园,不仅在经济学理论上具有合理性,对实现我国学前教育中长期规划目标也具有重要的实践意义。美中两地(佐治亚州、深圳市)均采用受管制的准学券制,综合利用财政工具、管制措施和配套服务来支持普惠性的学前教育。通过比较分析和初步评估,发现佐治亚州Pre-K项目在降低家庭教育成本负担和保障教育质量上卓有成效,而深圳市的普惠园项目在教育公平和教育供给上改进颇多。建议普惠园项目加大财政投入力度直接补贴教师并提高教育质量。

Supporting universal kindergartens from public finance is justifiable from the perspective of economics, which is also important to help achieve mid-and-long-term policy goals of pre-school education. Georgia State of America and the City of Shenzhen in China both applied regulated quasi- voucher mechanisms to support universal pre- school education by financial tools, regulations and support service. By comparison and preliminary evaluation, it is found that Pre-K program in Georgia has significant effects in reducing the cost burden of family education and improving the educational quality, while Universal Kindergarten program in Shenzhen needs much improvements on educational equity and educational supply. The authors suggest that in the latter program financial input be increased to subsidize teachers and educational quality be improved.