大学生就业与创业理性选择分析

College Graduates' Employment and Entrepreneurship:A Theoretical Analysis based on Rational Choice

在假设大学生是经济人这一前提下,本文深入分析了大学生就业与创业的理性选择行为,寻找在风险、预期收益条件下大学生就业与创业选择的最优均衡及其变动,考察了沉淀成本、风险认知、交易成本、企业家资源禀赋等影响大学生创业意愿偏低的内在逻辑,最后提出促进大学生创业的政策建议,关键在于完善竞争性创业市场和更好地发挥高等教育的引导作用。对于当前新常态经济形势,真正将大学生作为具有创新、开拓、冒险精神的创业群体,对于增强创新驱动发展战略和加快经济发展方式转变具有重要意义。

This paper presents a theoretical framework on the dichotomous choice between employment and entrepreneurship under the assumption of university graduates as economically rational individual. First, we try to find the optimal balance and changes on employment and entrepreneurship of college graduates under the condition of risks and expected rewards. Second, we study the determinants leading to unwillingness of graduates’entrepreneurship, such as sunk costs, risk perception, entrepreneur resource endowments, etc. Finally, the Policy implication for promoting graduates’ entrepreneurship, and the key is to improve the competitive market and play the leading role of higher education. Facing the current new normal economic situation, it is of great importance to strengthen innovation-driven strategy and accelerate the transformation of this patterns shift by facilitating college graduates as innovative, pioneering and adventurous business group.