基于Tessier-AAS法的华中大农区污染红土Pb赋存形态非生物转化机制研究

Application of Tessier-AAS to the Non-Biological Transformation Mechanism of Chemical Speciation of Lead in Red Soil in Agricultural Area of Central China

土壤重金属污染已成为人类面临的共同挑战,典型的重金属污染场地包括金属矿山、公路沿线、工业集中区、农业耕地等。对于事关农业安全生产的大农区,土壤超量重金属往往导致农产品品质下降甚至使用价值丧失,由此造成的经济损失不可估量。实际上,农作物体内累积重金属量与土壤"活性"重金属关系更加密切,这部分重金属主要以可交换态存在,在一定条件下能够与碳酸盐结合态、Fe-Mn氧化态、有机结合态和残渣态相互转换。因此,明确土壤条件对重金属有效性的作用规律,有望从源头上降低重金属对农作物的污染风险。基于前期研究成果,以华中大农区酸性网纹红土为检测对象,采用Tessier连续提取-原子吸收光谱法(AAS)揭示不同条件对红土Pb形态转化的非生物调控机制。结果表明:红土样品Pb总量为32.56mg·kg-1,低于《土壤环境质量标准》一级标准推荐值,但比全国土壤Pb平均含量要高。不同形态Pb含量分布为残渣态>Fe-Mn氧化态>有机结合态>碳酸盐结合态>可交换态,其中残渣态Pb占Pb总量的54.55%。红土pH值通过改变无机胶体和有机质表面电荷量来控制Pb的结合行为和可交换态含量;不同含水率导致红土氧化还原电位差异,进而影响Pb的形态转化行为。此外,秸秆加入量和老化时间也能改变Pb的形态分布,但残渣态Pb含量始终最高。红土Pb的Muller指数Igeo为0.302 5,表明土样采集区人为污染值得注意。Tessier连续提取-AAS法能有效表征红土Pb赋存形态的非生物转化机制。

The soil contamination of heavy metals, from the areas of mine, highway, industrial area, agricultural land and so on, is nowadays a serious issue all over the world. The contamination of heavy metals in large agricultural area might lead to the de- crease of products quality and economic value. Actually, the accumulation amount of heavy metals by crops is much more related to the activated speciation, which is exchangeable and able to transform to the forms of carbonates, Fe-Mn oxides, organic mat- ter and residual. Thus, the investigation to reveal the transformation mechanism of heavy metals caused by soil conditions might be appropriate to reduce the contaminated risk to crops. The vermicular red soil from the agricultural area of central China was used as sample in the paper, and the Tessier Sequential Extraction Procedure-atomic absorption spectroscopy （AAS） was applied to discuss the chemical speciation and non-biological transformation mechanism of Pb at different conditions. The results showed： the total amount of Pb is 32.56 mg~ kg-1 , lower than the first level of the State Environmental Quality Standard for Soils. The Pb content of different speciation, with decreased concentration, is residual （54. 55% of total Pb content）, bound to Fe-Mn oxides, bound to organic matter, bound to carbonates and exchangeable. The pH value of red soil is related to the charge amount on surface of inorganic colloids and organic matter, and the water content of red soil would change the redox potential, effective for the variation of chemical speciation of Pb. The environmental factors of straw dosage and aging time could change Pb speciation, with Pb concentration of residual form the highest. The Muller Index of I^o is 0. 302 5, indicating the contribution of human activities. The Tessier Sequential Extraction Procedure-AAS is effective for the non-biological transformation mechanism identification of Pb speciation in red soil.