生物质炭对施用不同磷肥下温室茄子生长及品质的影响

The Influence of Biochars on Growth and Quality of Eggplant under Different Phosphate Fertilizer Treatments

为了阐明生物质炭对施用不同磷肥下茄子生长及品质的影响,研究了施用3种磷肥(磷酸二铵、钙镁磷肥、过磷酸钙)条件下生物质炭对茄子生长、产量及茄果品质的影响。结果表明:生物质炭显著增加3个施肥处理下的茄子果长、单果重和产量,磷酸二铵处理下分别增加11.5%、4.4%、3.8%;钙镁磷肥处理下分别增加17.1%、8.0%、6.2%;过磷酸钙处理下分别增加18.7%、4.8%、8.0%。生物质炭对茄子可溶性蛋白、VC、可溶性糖、N、P、K、Ca、硝酸盐、黄酮、芦丁含量影响均不明显,但在施用钙镁磷肥、过磷酸钙条件下,生物质炭显著增加了茄子Mg含量,分别增加9.2%、8.6%。和磷酸二铵、过磷酸钙相比,钙镁磷肥对促进茄子生长、提高产量和品质的效果较为明显,不同磷肥处理间产量大小顺序为钙镁磷肥>磷酸二铵>过磷酸钙。施用钙镁磷肥的茄果硝酸盐含量最低,而黄酮、芦丁含量最高。生物质炭对茄子生长及品质的影响在不同种类磷肥间有较大差异,施用钙镁磷肥能提高茄子产量和品质。

Field experiment is adopted to study the influence of biochars on grow th and quality of eggplant under different phosphate fertilizer （diammonium phosphate ,calcium magnesium phosphate ,calcium superphosphate） treatments .The following are found：biochars increased length ,per fruit weight and yield of eggplant significantly ,increased by 11 .5% ,4 .4% ,3 .8% ,respectively un‐der diammonium phosphate treatment ,increased by 17 .1% ,8 .0% ,6 .2% ,respectively under calcium magnesium phosphate treat‐ment ,and increased by 18 .7% ,4 .8% ,8 .0% ,respectively under calcium superphosphate treatment .Biochars had absolutely no effect on soluble protein ,VC ,soluble sugar ,N ,P ,K ,Ca ,nitrate ,flavones and rutin concentration of eggplant .With calcium mag‐nesium phosphate and calcium superphosphate treatments ,biochars increased Mg concentrations of eggplant significantly .increased by 9 .2% ,8 .6% ,respectively .Calcium magnesium phosphate increased growth ,and increased yield and quality of eggplant in com‐parison with diammonium phosphate and calcium superphosphate .The order of eggplant yield between different fertilizer treatmentsis calcium magnesium phosphate 〉 diammonium phosphate 〉 calcium superphosphate .The lowest concentration of nitrate and highest concentration of flavones and rutin are detected in eggplant under calcium magnesium phosphate treatment .Significant differ‐ences in the grow th ,yield and quality are found in different phosphate fertilizers under biochars treatments .It is beneficial for the yield and quality of eggplant fruit under calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer .