山地森林生态采运研究进展

Advances in ecological logging of mountain forest

为促进山地森林可持续经营,归纳山地森林生态采运理论与技术新进展,国内外采运作业对林地土壤、水源涵养、生物多样性和林分结构等方面的影响,以及森林生态采运综合效益评价的新成果;针对山地森林生态采运理论与技术未能真正推广应用、无普遍适用的山地森林生态采运技术体系、无全面科学的山地森林生态采运的标准评价体系等问题,提出适合山地森林作业的对策:加大宣传力度,加强生态意识;加大科研投入,加强装备研发;加大指标评价,加强体系建立。提出考虑生态的山地天然林择伐及更新作业技术的研究前景:择伐林地群落恢复研究、林地养分含量分析、择伐林分生长动态仿真与景观择伐空间结构分析等。而山地人工林未来应侧重研究基于分类功能的人工林生态采运技术、择伐空间的优化及可视化经营、择伐后生态恢复动态跟踪研究与环境友好木材物流系统的优化模型等,最后提出应加强对山地森林生态抚育间伐及作业技术体系的研究。

To promote sustainable management of mountain forest, advances in theory and technology of ecological logging of moun- tain forest, impacts of logging on s＇oil, water conservation, biodiversity, and forest structure at home and abroad, as well as the new achievements on comprehensive benefit evaluation in ecological logging of forest are reviewed. In view of the problems that the theory and technology of ecological logging of mountain forest has not been popularized and applied yet in practice, there is no generally feasible technology system for ecological logging of mountain forest, and there is no all-round, scientific and standardized evaluation system for ecological logging of mountain forest, the countermeasures for ecological logging of mountain forest are proposed as fol- lows. Strengthening publicity to foster ecological consciousness. Increasing investment in scientific research to develop equipment. Strengthening indices evaluation to establish the system. Prospects of the studies on the technology of ecological selective cutting and regeneration of mountain natural forest are put forward, including the study on community recovery after selective cutting, nutrient content analysis, growth dynamics simulation of selective-cut stands and landscape selective-cut spatial structure analysis. For mountain plantation, researchers should focus more on ecological logging technology of different plantations based on classifying function, selective-cut spatial optimization and visualization management, dynamic tracking study about ecological restoration and optimization model of environmental friendly wood logistics system. At the end, it is proposed to strengthen the study on the technol- ogy of thinning for ecological tending in mountain forest.