劳动价值论的一些关键问题

Some Key Issues of Labor Theory of Value

马克思的劳动价值论把作为一种整体性的作用系统之"劳动"还原为脱离生产资料的单纯的劳动力的使用,他实质上不是把"劳动"而是把单纯的劳动力的使用作为创造商品价值的唯一源泉,因此他所谓的劳动价值论其实不过是"劳力价值论"。真正的"劳动价值论"就是以劳动力和生产资料作为创造商品价值的共同源泉的生产要素价值论。这无论在公有制还是私有制社会都是真理。马克思所谓的"抽象劳动",其实就是对所有种类的具体劳动之共性的概括,因而也就是指作为共名的"具体劳动"。这种意义上的抽象劳动,其所创造的就是作为共名的"使用价值",亦即作为共名的商品之使用价值,而根本就不是什么价值。剥削根源于垄断,无论是私有制还是公有制社会,只要存在利大于弊的垄断并且垄断者凭借其垄断地位取得了远远高于非垄断者的不正常利益,剥削就产生了。

Marx＇s labor theory of value is, essentially, a labor forces theory of value, because he really considered the use of separate labor forces rather than labor itself as the only source of the value of commodities when he reduced labor that is in itself an integral system of function to solitary use of labor forces without means of production. A labor theory of value, which is true regardless of where it is in the society of public ownership or private ownership, is a productive factors theory of value that beth labor forces and means of production are common sources of the value of commodities. Marx＇s concept of abstract labor, which produces use-value as generic concept, i. e. , use-value of commodity as generic concept, rather than value, for generalizing from all species of concrete labor, is really concrete labor as generic concept. Monopolization is the root of exploitation, so, no matter where it is in public ownership or private ownership society, where there is bad monopolization which makes monopolists snatch by means of their monopolization abnormal interests which are far more than interests which non-monopolists obtain, where there is exploitation.