身体现象学视野下的礼乐文化

Culture of Rites and Music with a Perspective of Body Phenomenology

华夏民族早期聚族而居的农耕生活方式促使了礼文化的产生。礼是身体生命活动的模式化。礼包括了习俗信仰、人生教育、制度规范等丰富的含义。实际上,人在进行思维、意识等高级心理活动之前必须有品尝、触摸、嗅闻等一系列身体感知,而礼则是对身体活动的整合。礼强调切身体验和具象思维。与传统西方文明灵肉区分导致的意识哲学不同,礼乐文化影响下的中国传统哲学以灵肉、天人的合一为特征。这种灵肉合一的行动思维与法国现象学家梅洛·庞蒂开始的身体现象学非常吻合。借鉴身体现象学方法考察礼仪所蕴含的身体思维特征,意在发现传统思维所具有的现代价值。中国人在改革开放以来显示的动态、整体、辩证的身体思维方式在今天对全人类都有参考、借鉴的价值。

The agricultural way of life of Chinese nation in the early time helped to produce the culture of rites and music. The ritual, a kind of pattern of body life, covers the rich connotation of custom belief, life education, system and regula- tions. In fact, people must have a taste, touch, smell and a series of body awareness in thinking and the senior psychological activities, and the ritual is the integration of physical activity and stresses on the personal experi- ence and concrete thought. Being different from the traditional philosophy of the western civilization about soul and body, the culture of rites and music of the Chinese traditional philosophy is characterized with an integration of heaven and man, soul and body. This thinking of integration of soul and body holds identical views with the body phenomenology by Merlot Ponti, a French scientist. With the way of body phenomenology, this paper discussed the body thinking characteristics the etiquette contained, which is to find out the modern value of traditional thinking. The dynamic overall dialectical thinking of Chinese since the reform and opening is valuable for the mankind.