古田马铃薯氮磷钾肥料效应及其施肥指标体系的研究

Furuta Potato Research and Fertilizer NPK Fertilizer Effect Indicator System

为了解古田马铃薯N、P、K肥料施用效果,通过马铃薯"3414"田间肥效试验和土壤养分分析,建立古田土壤马铃薯养分丰缺指标。结果表明:古田县冬种马铃薯在现有土壤养分肥力水平下,施用N、P、K肥料依然是提高马铃薯产量和增加经济效益的主要措施。施用N、P、K肥料分别增产24.0%、10.8%和22.1%,施肥处理增加单产的效果依次是N>K>P。施肥增加经济效益依次是P>N>K。N、P2O5、K2O的产投比分别为12.6、13.7和9.3。对古田县冬种马铃薯而言,马铃薯土壤低肥力等级N、P、K养分临界指标含量分别是:<109.9、6.4与92.3 mg/kg;而高肥力等级土壤N、P、K养分临界指标则分别为:>248.9、49.6和151.8 mg/kg。古田县冬种马铃薯平均最高产量的N、P、K施用量分别为:(205.1±31.3)、(88.5±40.5)和(302.1±57.3)kg/hm2;取得最佳经济产量的N、P、K施用量分别为:(178.4±42.8)、(68.2±37.3)与(265.2±79.1)kg/hm2;三要素最佳比例为1∶0.4∶1.5。

The nutritional ingredient index of Futura potato has to be established in order to understand the effect of N, P, K fertilizer for Futura potato. The analysis of potato 3414＇s fertilization in fields and soil nutririon shows that, based on the existing soil fertility levels of Gutian winter potato, spreading fertilizer N, P, K is the main measure to improve the yield of poatato and the economic benefit. Spreading fertilizer N, P, K can respectively increase prodution by 24%, 10.8%, 22.1%. The effect on the fertilization increasing yields followed by N〉K〉P.The effect on the fertilization increasing econoic benefit followed by P〉 N〉 K. The cost ratio of N, P2O5, K2 O is12.6, 13.7, 9.3. For Gutian winter potato, the critical index content of nutrition in low fertility level N, P, K is：〈109.9 mg/kg 〈6.4 mg/kg 〈92.3 mg/kg. The critical index content of nutrition in high fertility level N, P, K is： 248.9 mg/kg 〉49.6 mg/kg, 151.8 mg/kg. Tests shows that, to obtain the highest average yield of winter potato, the amount of fertilizer N, P, K should be（205.1 ±31.3）kg/hm^2,（ 88.5 ±40.5）kg/hm^2and（302.1 ±57.3）kg/hm^2; To obtain the best economic yields, the amount of fertilizer N, P, K should be（178.4±42.8）kg/hm^2,（68.2±37.3）kg/hm^2and（265.2±79.1）kg/hm^2. The best ratio of three elements is 1 ∶ 0.4 ∶ 1.5.