施肥对闽西毛竹生物量及碳储量分布格局的影响

Effects of Fertilization on the Distribution Patterns of Biomass and Carbon Storage in Moso Bamboo Forest, Western Fujian Province, China

以闽西施用5 a竹林专用肥（一类）、5 a氮、磷、钾配方施肥（二类）、5 a有机肥（三类）、1 a竹林专用肥（四类）、1 a有机肥（五类）等不同施肥类型毛竹林为研究对象,以不施肥毛竹林（六类）为对照,研究了施肥对毛竹林生物量及碳储量分配格局的影响。结果表明：（1）施肥增大了毛竹生物量,表现为三类（91.18 t/hm^2）〉一类（83.61 t/hm^2）〉二类（71.38 t·hm^2）〉五类（71.12 t/hm^2）〉四类（65.13 t/hm^2）〉六类（57.83 t/hm^2）,施肥能够提高毛竹叶片、竹枝、竹秆等地上部分的生物量及其占毛竹总生物量的比例,增大毛竹地上/地下生物量的比值,且施肥5年（一、二、三类）〉施肥1 a（四、五类）〉不施肥（六类）;（2）不同施肥处理下毛竹碳储量为28.37-45.99 t/hm^2,施用5 a有机肥（三类）最大,不施肥（六类）最小;竹秆是毛竹碳储量的主要贡献器官,而竹叶贡献率不足4%;与未施肥竹林相比,毛竹施肥后地上部分固碳总量有较大提升;（3）不同施肥处理下毛竹年净生产力、年固碳量和同化CO2量均表现为三类〉一类〉二类〉五类〉四类〉六类,年同化CO2量分别为41.42、41.17、30.99、23.47、20.69、20.00 t/（hm^2·a）;施肥年限对毛竹年净生产力有较大影响,施肥5 a（一、二、三类）均能够显著提高毛竹年净生产力。

To study the effects of fertilization on the distribution patterns of biomass and carbon storage in Moso bamboo（Phyllostachys edulis）, taking the non-fertilized Moso bamboo forest as the control, Moso bamboo forests with five fertilization types, including 5-year application of specialized fertilizer for bamboo（ Ⅰ）, 5-year formula NPK-fertilizer（Ⅱ）, 5-year organic fertilizer（Ⅲ）, and 1-year application of specialized fertilizer for bamboo（Ⅳ）,1-year organic fertilizer（Ⅳ） were selected as the research object in Yong ＇ an City. The results showed that： 1）Fertilization could increase the biomass of P. edulis, which was in order of Ⅲ（91.18 t/hm^2）〉Ⅰ（83.61 t/hm^2）〉Ⅱ（71.38 t/hm^2）〉Ⅴ（71.12 t/hm^2）〉Ⅳ（65.13 t/hm^2）〉Ⅵ（57.83 t/hm^2）; Fertilization could improve aboveground biomass,including leaf, branch, stem biomass, and increase the proportions to total biomass. Meanwhile, the ratio of above-/below-ground biomass increased in the order of 5-year fertilization application（ Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ） 〉1-year fertilization application（Ⅵ, Ⅴ）〉non-fertilization application. 2）The carbon stock of standing bamboos ranged from 28.37 to 45.99 t C/hm^2 with the highest value in 5-year application of organic fertilizer（Ⅲ） and the lowest value in nonfertilization application（Ⅵ）. Stem was a major contributor to the total carbon storage, while leaf contributed less than 4%. Compared with bamboo forest with non-fertilization application, aboveground carbon storage was improved after the application fertilization. 3）Net primary productivity, annual fixation carbon and annual carbon dioxide sequestration of standing bamboos were in the order of Ⅲ 〉Ⅰ〉 Ⅱ〉 Ⅴ〉 Ⅳ〉 Ⅵ with the values of annual carbon dioxide sequestration of 41.42, 41.17, 30.99, 23.47, 20.69, 20.00 t/（hm^2·a）, respectively. The timing of fertilizationapplication had gerat impacts on annual net productivity, and 5-year fertilization application（Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ） were able to significantly improve net annual productivity in P. edulis forest.