清朝云南文化治边思想与实践

Yunnan Frontier Culture Governance and Practice in the Qing Dynasty

清朝的文化观为历代王朝文化观与文化治国观的一脉相承,是清朝在云南实施文化治边思想的理论基础,而清初云南的社会现实是清朝实施文化治边思想的客观条件,二者共同促成清朝文化治边思想的出现。清初云南籍官吏与云南督抚亲历战乱后云南社会的凋敝,先后提出文化治边的思想,并于康熙时期广泛实行,一是重建云南社会秩序,二是治理叛服无常之土司。通过在云南修建学宫、学校、书院兴贤育才,推行科举,广施优惠等一系列文教政策,传播儒家文化与封建礼仪。清朝的文化治边思想在云南取得了良好效果,在清末民初的西南边疆危机中,各民族表现出浓厚的国家认同,共同捍卫了中国领土与主权的完整。

The culture views of the Qing dynasty remain connected with the culture views and culture governance of every dynasty. They are the theoretical basis of frontier governance thoughts and social reality at the beginning of the dynasty is the objective condition for frontier culture governance, which contribute to the emergence of culture governance. Officials born in Yunnan and governors witness the destitution after the disorder, advance culture governance and practice widely during the period of Emperor Kangxi, restoring social order and dealing with fickle Tusi. Confucian culture and feudal etiquettes are disseminated through establishing academies, schools, fostering talents, implementing imperial examination and wide application of preferential policies. Culture governance achieves good effects, all ethnic groups show strong national identity and defend China＇s integrity of territory and sovereignty in the frontier crisis between the end of the Qing dynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China.