一种小型免耕播种机关键零部件的设计

Design of the key components of a no-tillage micro-planter

针对我国干旱和半干旱地区保护性耕作配套播种机具存在的通过性差、开沟器破茬能力弱、对地表破坏大、产品品种单一、播种质量差等问题,通过理论和试验相结合的研究方法,设计了一种为7.4~14.7kW小型拖拉机配套使用的免耕播种机,采用具有较强的破茬碎土能力并容易实现种肥分施的组合铲式开沟器,选用成本低、调节方便、使用可靠的外槽轮式排种器,该机能一次完成破茬、开沟施肥、播种和覆土镇压等项作业,有良好的耕深稳定性,较好地满足了干旱和半干旱地区保护性耕作技术发展的需求。本文重点分析和确定了开沟器、排种器和排肥器等关键部件的结构参数。

According to the problems of the conservative tillage seeding machine （CT） in arid and semi-arid regions of China, such as poor transition and stubble cutting capability, great damage for topsoil, single product variety, and bad seeding quality, a no-till micro-planter was designed for 7.4-14.7kW small tractor through the way of combing theory with practice, and the parameters of key components for opener, seeder and fertilizer etc. were analyzed and decided. By means of adopting combined shovel opener, the new planter could cut stubble, break clod and easily achieve more than 5 cm of vertical depth difference between seeder and fertilizer. Outboard Geneva gear has the advantage of low cost, easy regulation and credible appli- cation. The planter could finish stubble cutting, ditching and fertilizing, seeding, covering, and compacting at a time with stable depth of tillage. It could meet the developing requirement of CT in arid and semi-arid regions of China.