2000-2014年中国淋病流行特征与趋势分析

Epidemiological characteristics and trends of gonorrhea in China from 2000 to 2014

目的：了解中国淋病流行特征及趋势，为制定控制对策提供依据。方法对2000—2014年中国31个省、自治区和直辖市报告的淋病病例资料进行流行病学分析。结果淋病报告发病率由2000年22.92/10万下降至2014年7.25/10万，年均下降7.89%。不同地区发病率差异较大，高发地区主要为长江三角洲（浙江、上海、江苏）、珠江三角洲（广东、广西、海南），其次为西北地区（新疆、宁夏、内蒙古）。男性高于女性，男女性别比有扩大趋势，由2000年1.96∶1扩大至2014年4.52∶1。高发年龄段为20～44岁，男女两性发病率最高年龄组均为25～29岁；除15～19岁年龄组男性年均增长4.18%外，其余各年龄组均呈下降趋势。在20种职业中，报告病例以农民最多（占26.00%），各职业的淋病报告病例数均呈下降趋势。结论淋病仍然为重要的公共卫生问题之一，需要根据淋病流行特点采取有效的防治措施。

Objective To investigate epidemiological characteristics and trends of gonorrhea in China, and to provide a scientific basis for the development of control strategies. Methods An epidemiological study was performed on gonorrhea cases reported from 31 provinces, autonomous regions or municipalities directly under the central government between 2000 and 2014. Results The reported incidence rate of gonorrhea decreased from 22.92 per 100 000 in 2000 to 7.25 per 100 000 in 2014, with the average annual rate of decrease being 7.89%. There was a significant difference in the incidence of gonorrhea between different regions. The regions with the highest incidence rate of gonorrhea were Yangtze River Delta region（Zhejiang, Shanghai, Jiangsu）and Zhujiang River Delta region（Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan）, followed by northwest China （Xinjiang, Ningxia, Inner Mongolia）. The incidence of gonorrhea was higher in males than in females, and the average male/female ratio increased from 1.96 ∶ 1 in 2000 to 4.52 ∶ 1 in 2014. The population aged 20 - 44 years showed high incidence of gonorrhea, and the highest incidence rate of gonorrhea was observed in the age group 25 - 29 years in both men and women. The incidence of gonorrhea decreased in all the age groups from 2000 to 2014 except the age group 15 - 19 years with an annual growth rate of 4.18%. Of 20 occupations, peasant workers accounted for the highest proportion （26.00%）of reported gonorrhea cases, and the number of reported gonorrhea cases showed a decreasing trend in all the occupations. Conclusions Gonorrhea remains a major public health issue in China, and effective measures based on epidemiological features are urgently needed to control gonorrhea.