活跃老年人健康体适能与慢性病分析

Correlative analysis between the health-related physical fitness parameters and chronic disease in 1026 active elderly people

目的了解人住海口恭和苑活跃老年人健康体适能数据与慢性病的关系。方法回顾性分析2012年6月至2014年8月在海口恭和苑人住的1026例老年人的健康体适能测试与慢性病的关系。测试项目：握力、肺活量、坐位体前屈、选择反应时、平衡指数测试按照国家体育总局颁布的《国民体质测定标准手册（老年人部分）》实施；心肺耐力使用CATEYEEC一1200型功率自行车进行；体脂肪率使用MC-180多频身体成分分析仪测试；骨密度使用OSTEROPROUBD2002A型超声骨密度仪进行测试。结果本调查结果显示老年女性随年龄增加，心肺耐力（β=-0．087）、肺活量（β=-27．492）、握力（β=-0．101）、选择反应时（β=0．007）、柔韧性（β=-0．204）变差、骨密度（β=-0．026）降低。老年男性随年龄增加肺活量（β=-19．178）、握力（β=-0．373）变差、体脂肪率（β=0．218）和骨密度（β=0．034）增高。随着体质量增加，心肺耐力（β=-0．036）、肺活量（β=-6．503）、平衡指数（β=-0．059）变差，握力（β=-0．037）增高。身高越高肺活量（β==39．111）、握力（β=0．299）越大，骨密度（β=0．028）和选择反应时（β=-0．005）越好，因此在本组老年人中年龄和体质量是使体适能结果变差的危险因素。身高较高是维持较好的体适能的因素。年龄增加使患慢性病数量（β=-0．031）、高血脂（β=0．004）、冠心病（β=0．008）和骨关节病（β=0．010）增加。体质指数（BMI）增加使患慢性病数量（β=0．044）、高血压（β=0．021）和冠心病（β=0．018）增加。因此年龄和BMI是影响老年人患慢性病的数量和罹患高血压、冠心病、骨关节病的主要危险因素；吸烟则是慢性阻塞性肺疾病危险因素。肺活量与慢性阻塞性肺疾病负相关；平衡指数与糖尿病呈负相关；选择反应时时长与高血压和糖尿病正相关；体脂肪率与脑血管病正相关。结论年龄增长是影响老年人健康体适能的状况的主要因素。不同健康体适能参数也影响老年人罹患不同慢性病的种类和风险。

Objective To evaluate the relationship between the health-related physical fitness parameters and chronic disease in active elderly people who lived in Haikou Golden Heights. Methods We retrospectively analyzed the relationship between the health related physical fitness and chronic disease. The data were collected from 1026 elderly who lived in Haikou Golden Heights between June 2012 and March 2014. Grip strength, vital capacity, body anteflexion in sitting position, choice reaction time, balance indexes were detected according to the National Physical Fitness Evaluation Standard Manual （elderly people）. Cardiorespiratory endurance, body fat percentage and bone mineral density （BMD） were measured by using CATEYEEC-1200 power bike bicycle, multi-frequency body composition analyzer MC-180MA, and OSTERO PRO UBD2002A ultrasound densitometer respectively. Data were statistically analyzed by multivariate regression analysis. Results The cardiorespiratory endurance（β=- 0. 087） , vital capacity（β=- 27. 492）, grip strength （β=- 0. 101）, choice reaction time（β= 0. 007）, flexibility（β=-0. 204） and BMD Tscore（β=-0. 026） were declined with age in females, while the vital capacity（β=-19. 178）, grip strength（β=-0. 373） were declined, but body fat percentage（β=0. 218） and BMD T score（β= 0. 034 ） were increased with age in males. With the weight gained, the cardiorespiratory endurance（β=-0. 036）, vital capacity（β=-6. 503）and balance index（β=-0. 059） were declined,but grip strength （β=0. 037）was increased with the body height increased, the vital capacity（β=39. 111）, grip strength（β= 0. 299 ）, BMD T score （β= 0. 028 ） and choice reaction time （β=-0. 005 ） got better, which showed that the age and weight were risk factors for the health-related physical {itness in the elderly, while the body height was the protective factor for health-related physical fitness. The number of chronic diseases （β=0.031 ）, hyperlipidemia （β=-0.004 ）, coronary heart disease （ 0. 008 ） and osteoarthropathy（β=0. 010）were increased with age. With the BMI gained, the number of chronic disease（ 0. 044 ）, hypertension （ β=0. 021 ） and coronary heart disease （β=0. 018 ） were increased. Therefore, age and BMI were the major risk factors for the number of chronic disease, hypertension, coronary heart disease, osteoarthropathy in the elderly, and smoking was a major risk factor for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease （COPD）. Vital capacity was negatively correlated with COPD, balance index was negatively correlated with diabetes meliitus, choice reaction time was positively correlated with hypertension and diabetes mellitus, and the body fat percentage was positively correlated with cerebrovascular disease. Conclusions Aging is the main factor for health-related physical fitness in the elderly. Different physical fitness parameter affects the type and risk of chronic diseases in the elderly.