对《汝帖》后记及其“字书”一词的理解

Postscript to Ru Tie and Interpretation of “Zishu”

在宋代刻帖当中,《汝帖》与众不同,粗漫传神是其艺术风格上的特点。该帖的后记意蕴含蓄,或与作者经历有关。本文将《汝帖》和王寀的后记对照研究,认为《汝帖》不仅呈现前代名人的法书墨迹,而且有意收入先秦至北朝的较多石刻碑文和铜器铭文,呈现出文字演变的历史。这反映了当时金石学兴盛对编刻丛帖的渗透。另外,经过考证还认识到,后记内"字书"一词具有字帖的含义,是比较特殊的用法,为历来辞书所未予注意的。

Wang Cai＇s Ru Tie [汝帖] is different from other Song dynasty printed copybooks for its coarse carving yet vivid representation. The obscurity of its postscript is possibly the result of the author＇s personal experience. The current author reads the postscript and concludes that while presenting calligraphy by famous artists, Ru Tie also contains many rubbings of stone tablets and bronzes from the antiquity to the Northern Dynasties that illustrate the evolution of writing. This reflects the influence of epigraphy, which was gaining popularity then, on the compilation of copybooks. In addition, after a textual research, it is found out that zishu [字书6], as mentioned in the postscript, means ＂copybook＂ [字帖]. Such a special usage has been neglected in previous dictionaries.