中华蜜蜂增长阶段气温20℃条件下巢温昼夜变化

Nest temperature distribution and dynamics of Apis cerana cerana during spring thriving stage at ambient temperature 20 ℃

蜜蜂昼夜巢温分布和变化规律能够反映蜜蜂巢温调节能力.蜜蜂作为社会性的模式昆虫,通过蜂群的社会行为保持了巢温相对稳定.为了研究中华蜜蜂昼夜巢温分布和变化规律,在春季增长阶段,以每分钟一次连续测定了中华蜜蜂蜂巢均匀分布的180个位置的蜂巢温度.结果表明:在环境温度20℃条件下,巢温昼夜的分布模式具有明显差异,白天高温的区域大于夜间,白天巢温变化幅度小于夜间.白天巢温比夜间高0.5-1.0℃.根据巢温以及巢温昼夜变化的幅度,将蜂巢划分为6个温区.蜂巢中仅中蜂路温区1的子脾中心区的巢温昼夜变化不显著,保持在34.5-35.0℃,其他区域巢温昼夜差异明显.

The nest temperature distribution and its dynamics between day and night can reflect the thermoregulation in bees. As so- cial insects, honeybee colony could sustain a relatively narrow nest temperature range for brood rearing, but little is known about the thermo dynamics as circadian rhythm. To better understand the thermo distribution and its dynamics of the honeybee nest, 180 tem- perature sensors were uniformly set in the thriving hives in spring. The results showed that there were significant differences between day and night thermo distribution patterns at ambient temperature 20 ℃. The colony could keep around 33 - 35 ℃ in a larger region in the daytime than that at night hours during which nest temperature was lower about 0.5 - 1.0 ℃. According to the nest tempera- ture pattern and its variation range, 6 temperature areas were identified in the whole colony. Only at temperature area 1 of inner bee space, the brood central areas could maintain constant temperature 34.5 -35.0 ℃, however, at the other temperature areas, nest temperature varied significantly between day and night.