高脂饮食对长爪沙鼠生化及主要脏器组织病理学的影响

Effect of high fat diet on the serum biochemical parameters and histopathology of main organs in Mongolian gerbils

目的研究长期高脂饮食对长爪沙鼠生化及主要脏器组织病理学的影响。方法 48只长爪沙鼠随机分为模型组和正常组,每组24只,模型组予高脂饮食喂养,正常组予基础饲料喂养,两组分别于4周、8周及16周时各处理沙鼠8只,比较两组体重、血糖(Glu)、甘油三酯(TG)、胆固醇(CHOL)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、尿酸(UA)、肌酐(CREA)、尿素氮(BUN)、丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天冬酸氨基转移酶(AST)、总蛋白(TP)、白蛋白(ALB)、总胆红素(TBil)、淀粉酶(AMS)水平及主要脏器组织病理学的变化。结果和正常组比较,模型组沙鼠血脂明显升高,肝功能受损,血尿酸升高,16周时血糖明显降低,AMS升高,肾功能则无明显变化。肝组织逐渐出现脂肪变、炎症、肝纤维化及肝硬化,并伴有脾大,肺组织和心肌在后期均出现脂肪变性,损伤明显,胰岛增大伴内分泌细胞增多,小肠和肾脏无明显变化。结论高脂饮食喂养的沙鼠可复制良好的高脂血症、非酒精性脂肪性肝炎肝硬化模型,并且有可能是高脂血症相关的高尿酸血症、肺损伤及心肌损伤等疾病的良好模型。

Objective To explore the effect of high fat diet on serum biochemical parameters and histopathology of main organs in Mongolian gerbils.Methods Forty-eight healthy adult male Mongolian gerbils were randomly and equally divided into model and normal groups.The gerbils in the model group were fed with high fat diet while the normal group with standard diet.Eight gerbils in each group were killed at the end of 4th,8th and 16th week,respectively,and the body weight, serum levels of Glu, TG, CHOL, HDL-C, LDL-C, UA, CREA, BUN, TBil, TP, ALB, ALT, AST and AMS were determined.The histopathological changes of main organs were observed.Results Compared with the normal group,the blood lipid of the model gerbils was significantly increased, the liver function was impaired, the blood uric acid level was higher, and the blood glucose was decreased at the end of 16th week.The AMS was increased at the end of 16th week,but the renal function showed no significant changes.The liver tissue of the model group gradually showed steatosis, inflammation, fibrosis and cirrhosis, accompanied by splenomegalia. The lung tissue and myocardium showed fatty degeneration and obvious damages in the later period,the pancreatic islets were enlarged and the amount of endocrine cells was increased,and the small intestine and kidney didn’ t show any distinct changes.Conclusions A gerbil models of hyperlipidemia and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and cirrhosis can be well established by high fat diet feeding,and may serve as good models for research of hyperlipidemia-related hyperuricemia, and lung and myocardial damages.