基于GIS的龙井市中小学布局调整研究

Study on primary and secondary school layout adjustment in Longjing city based on GIS

运用GIS的缓冲区分析、最近距离分析等方法,对龙井市1997年和2013年的中小学布局进行了对比分析,结果显示:朝鲜族学校和汉族学校的服务范围均缩小,其中朝鲜族学校的减幅为46.9%,汉族学校的减幅为1.4%;朝汉学校的分布由比较均匀向集中分布的趋势明显;朝汉学校学生的上学距离均有所增加,其中朝鲜族学校学生的平均上学距离的增加较为明显,由1997年的2 249 m增加到2013年的4 511 m,而汉族学校学生的平均上学距离变化不大,由1997年的5 932 m增加到2013年的5 975 m.解决存在问题的措施为:暂缓偏远农村地区的集中办学的进程;减免贫困家庭学生的乘车费用;政府应采取多种办法解决农村学生交通难、交通安全等问题,保障贫困少数民族地区学生受教育的权利.

Using buffer analysis and the nearest distance analysis methods consist in Geographic Information System （GIS）,contrastive analysis on the layout adjustment of primary and secondary school in Longjing city in 1997 and 2013 is illustrated in this paper.The results show that the service scope from Korean and Han na-tionality schools are both diminished.The Korean nationality schools led the decline with a 46.9 percent fall off in demand while the Han nationality schools only 1.4 percent.In the meantime,the distribution of Korean and Han nationality schools tend to the obvious concentrated distribution from the original uniform,what’s more,the students of Korean and Han nationality schools suffer from longer distance for school,especially to those students of the Korean nationality schools,the average distance increased from 2 249 （in 1997）to 4 511 meter （in 2013）,while to the students of the Han nationality schools,the average distance changes are small, just increased from 5 932 （in 1997）to 5 975 meter （in 2013）.The solutions to these solving problems is pro-posed,postpone the progress of building new schools in remote or rural areas,relief traffic cost for the students from poverty families,ensure the education right of students from poor ethnic minority areas.