中日抗震鉴定可靠性及加固有效性探讨——为什么专家鉴定加固后的建筑会在3·11大地震中损毁

Validation of Seismic Evaluation and Retrofit Methods in China and Japan——Investigation of Evaluated and Retrofitted Buildings Damaged in Great East Japan Earthquake

发生于2011年3月11日的东日本大地震在日本东北地区造成了超过40万户建筑的部分或完全损坏,其中包括了在震前通过抗震鉴定、具有足够抗震性能的建筑,以及经过抗震加固的部分建筑,这次地震再次暴露出抗震鉴定的可靠性和抗震加固的有效性问题。比较研究了中日两国抗震鉴定的相似及不同点,结合3·11震后调查的实际案例和统计数据,讨论中日两国抗震鉴定的可靠性和有效性问题,总结既有抗震鉴定和加固方法在此次地震中的不足之处,并探讨影响抗震鉴定可靠性和有效性的可能原因。

Over 400 000 buildings in Tohoku area of Japan were partially damaged or totally destroyed by the Great East Japan Earthquake happened in March, 11 th 2011. However, some of these damaged buildings were expected to show much better performance according to their results of seismic evaluation applied before the earthquake. And also some building on which seismic retrofit applied failed during this earthquake. Therefore, it is doubtful that how much the current seismic evaluation method is reliable, and if the seismic retrofit is really effective. Based on the investigation of damaged buildings of 3 ~ 11 Earthquake, seismic evaluation methods of both China and Japan were discussed and expected to find out factors that have influence on the validity of these seismic evaluation and retrofit methods.