幼儿立定跳远动作四个阶段时间发展特征的研究

Research on Child Standing Long Jump Action Feature Four Stages of Development Time

目的:研究得出学龄前幼儿立定跳远动作四个阶段时间发展特征随年龄的变化情况,为学前教育工作者及家长指导幼儿立定跳远动作提供依据。方法:选取北京市某一级一类幼儿园的幼儿男女共103人。通过对各班老师调查,确保其没有运动障碍及重大疾病。采用三维摄像系统记录受试者立定跳远动作,并使用北京体育大学视讯图像解析系统获取运动学数据。对年龄差异进行单因素方差分析。用SPSS 13.0 for windows进行数据处理,分析出学龄前幼儿立定跳远动作时间特征随年龄增长的变化情况。结果:幼儿在立定跳远动作中存在性别差异,男生在每个年龄阶段进行立定跳远动作时,4个动作阶段所占时间及比例大致相同,下蹲时间比例呈减小趋势,蹬伸时间比例逐渐减小,腾空时间比例逐渐增大,落地缓冲时间比例无明显差异。女生在每个年龄阶段进行立定跳远动作时,4个动作阶段所占时间比例无明显变化,下蹲时间比例逐渐增加,蹬伸时间比例逐渐减小,腾空时间比例逐渐增加,落地缓冲时间呈减小的变化趋势。结论:幼儿时期男生与女生立定跳远动作发展迅速,主要表现为下蹲时间的减少腾空时间的增加,提示随着年龄增长,到5.5岁已经基本掌握立定跳远动作要领,可以继续练习更有难度的动作。

Objective： To obtain changes in preschool children standing feature in four stages of development by studying the long jump action this paper aims to provide accordance for pre-school child care workers and parents to guide the standing long jump. Methods： One of a class of kindergarten children 103 people. For each class by the teacher survey, we ensure that there are no significant movement disorders and diseases. We ouse three-dimensional imaging system to record the subjects Standing long jump action and use the Beijing Sports University News image analysis system to obtain kinematic data. Age differences on univariate analysis of variance, for men and women, gender differences are independent samples T-test. Data processing using SPSS 13.0 for windows, standing long jump analyze preschool children age characteristics of the operating time of the change. Results： child gender has differences in the standing long jump action. Boys were standing long jump action at every age, and stage four movements share roughly the same time and the ratio, the proportion of time squatting decreasing trend, the proportion of time kicking gradually decreases gradually increasing the proportion of flight time, no significant difference floor buffer time scale. When the girls were standing long jump action at every age, stage four movements share no significant change in the proportion of time, gradually increasing the proportion of time squatting, kicking the time scale decreases, increasing the proportion of flight time, meanwhile floor buffer time was reduced small trends. Conclusion： The boys and girls standing long jump action rapid development in early childhood, mainly for the increase in flight time reducing squat time, suggesting that with age, 5.5 years old has mastered the standing long jump action essentials, you can continue to contact more difficult action.