居家养老和机构养老的老年女性健康状况的比较

A Comparative Study on Health Status of Elderly Female Living at Home and in Institutions

目的探讨居家养老和机构养老的老年女性健康状况的差异及其影响因素。方法 2012年7-9月,采取方便抽样法选取济南市部分城乡居家养老的170名和7所养老机构(养老院、老年公寓、敬老院)的115名老年女性为调查对象,采用自行设计的人口学资料调查表、健康状况问卷、日常生活功能指数评价量表(activities of daily living,ADL)、功能性日常生活能力量表(instrumental activities of daily living,IADL)、简易智能状态检查量表(mini-mental state examination,MMSE)、老年抑郁量表(geriatric depression scale,GDS)及APGAR家庭功能评估表(APGAR family questionair on family function)对其进行调查。结果居家养老和机构养老的老年女性慢性疾病患病率分别为84.5%、89.6%;机构养老的老年女性ADL障碍、认知功能障碍及家庭功能障碍发生率明显高于居家老年女性,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01);机构养老的老年女性ADL、认知功能、家庭功能状态互为影响因素,且年龄、ADL是机构养老老年女性认知功能、家庭功能状态的共同影响因素。结论与居家老年女性相比,机构养老老年女性的ADL障碍、认知障碍及家庭功能障碍发生率较高,因此,提高机构养老老年女性的ADL、认知功能及家庭功能状态有助于改善老年女性的健康状况。

Objective To discuss the difference in health status between elderly female living at home and in institutions as well as its influential factors.Methods By convenience sampling,170 home-dwelling eld-erly female and 1 1 5 institutionalized aged women were selected and investigated by using self-designed questionnaire,activities of daily living scale （ADL）,instrumental activities of daily living scale （IADL）, mini-mental state examination （MMSE）,geriatric depression scale （GDS）and family APGAR question-naire.Results The prevalence of chronic disease in elderly female living at home and in institutions was 84.5% and 89.6% respectively.The proportion of aged women with ADL impairment,cognitive function deficit and family dysfunction in institutions was significantly higher than that of aged women at home （P〈0.05or P〈0.01）.ADL,cognitive function and family function were related with each other in elderly female living in institutions.Age and ADL were the common influential factors of cognitive function and family function in aged women in institutions.Conclusion Compared to elderly female at home,aged women in institutions were with high incidence of ADL impairment,cognitive deficit and family dysfunc-tion.It is constructive to improve ADL,cognitive function and family function for the health of elderly women in institutions.