几个环境分析实验的绿色化改进

Greening Improvement of Several Environment Analytical Experiments

文中通过采用新仪器、新方法,对几个传统环境化学实验进行了绿色化改进。采用差分脉冲溶出伏安法测定土壤中重金属离子含量,Pb2＋、Cd2＋在0~100μg/L浓度范围内均保持良好的线性关系,具有较高的精确度和灵敏度。采用铋膜电极代替汞膜电极,避免了汞对环境的污染;使用化学耗氧量测定仪代替滴定法测定水样中的COD,不仅节约了试剂、节省了时间,而且减少了人为误差。在测定环境空气中苯系物的含量实验中,通过采用微量进样针取样,使用小体积容器配制溶液,大大减少了有毒苯系物及溶剂二硫化碳的用量。上述方法都具有污染少、节约试剂、操作简便等优点,更适合作为学生实验。

In this paper,three environmental chemical experiments were innovated using new instruments and detection methods. Differential pulse stripping voltammetry was applied to determine heavy metals in soil. Pb2＋,Cd2＋ have good linear relationship in the concentration range of 0- 100 μg / L. Compared with atomic absorption spectrophotometry,accuracy and sensitivity of the new method are better,and by using bismuth film electrode instead of mercury film electrode,the experiment avoids the pollution to the environment. The use of COD tester instead of titration method for determination of chemical oxygen demand,not only save reagents and time,but also reduce personal error. In the experiment of determination of benzene,toluene,dimethylbenzene（ BTE） in ambient air,the amount of the toxic solvent CS2 was reduced greatly. These new methods have advantages such as less pollution,less time consuming,less reagents consumption and simpler operation,so are more suitable for Student experiments.