非口服中药防控经空气传播疫病之古代文献研究

Research on prevention and control of airborne infectious disease by non-oral Chinese herbs in ancient literature

目的:总结古代文献所载熏香、药枕、香囊等非口服中药防控经空气传播疫病的宝贵经验,为中药空气消毒剂的开发提供文献支撑。方法:文本解读与统计分析相结合,收集有关熏香、药枕、香囊等非口服中药防控经空气传播疫病的文献数据,确定并整理出古代烟熏避疫方药,运用中医药理论、现代药理知识对单味中药、多药组方加以分析;将方药相关数据规范化并建立数据库,采用频数、聚类、因子等分析法,结合中医疫病认识,对统计结果进行分析。结果:查到防控空气传播疫病方药有关古籍记载195条,包括方剂171首、中药110种;其中,避疫药使用频次在10以上的有苍术、皂荚、川芎等21种;除去重复,避疫方有"苍术类方"16首、"雄黄类方"16首及"其它方"3首,重点分析"苍术类方"。结论:有关非口服防疫药主要使用:辛温药、芳香药、杀虫药、苦寒药。佩带避疫方,选"避疫香粉"去雄黄;烟熏防疫方,选"辟秽丹"加芸香、檀香、石菖蒲、八角莲、芜荑,并作为空气传播疫病防控的基础方。

Objective： To sum up the valuable experience of ancient literature on prevention and control of airborne infectious disease by non-oral herbs including incenses, pillows and sachets, so as to provide support for the development and promotion on Chinese aerosol disinfectant. Methods： Text interpretation and statistical analysis were applied. Literature data about incense, pillows, sachets and other non-oral prescriptions on airborne infectious disease prevention were collected, to identify relevant ancient herbs in common use, and to explain individual herb, multi-drug prescriptions with traditional Chinese medicine theory and modern pharmacological knowledge. Prescription data were standardized, a database was established, and the data were analyzed by the methods of frequency, factor, clustering analysis and the theory of traditional Chinese medicine. Results： 195 clauses were clustered including 171 prescriptions and 110 traditional Chinese drugs. Twenty-one high frequency （〉10） drugs including atractylodes rhizome, Chinese honey locust, Sichuan lovage rhizome were recorded. Excluding duplicates, 16 recipes including atractylodes rhizome, 16 of which including realgar, and 3 others. Prescriptions containing atractylodes rhizomes was analyzed as an example. Conclusion： The non-oral Chinese herbs for preventing and controlling airbome infectious disease are mainly used as follow： pungent-warm drugs, usual aromatic drugs, insecticides and bitter, cold herb. Bihui Dan combined with rues, sandalwood, grassleaf sweetflag rhizomes, sixangular dysosma rhizomes, pasta ulmi could be chosen as the basic fumigation recipe for prevention and control of airborne infectious disease.