烤烟不同供氮模式对烟叶色素和香气物质含量的影响

Influence of Different Nitrogen Supply Patterns on Content of Pigment and Aroma Components in Flue-cured Tobacco

为生产优质烟叶提供理论依据,以贵州烟区主栽品种毕纳1号进行盆栽试验,精准控制烟株不同时期的供氮比例,研究3种氮素供应模式(处理1,伸根期20%+旺长期45%+成熟期35%;处理2,伸根期25%+旺长期55%+成熟期20%;处理3,伸根期30%+旺长期65%+成熟期5%)对烟叶质体色素和烤后烟叶香气物质含量的影响。结果表明:处理3烟叶成熟期质体色素降解速度快,烤后烟叶色素残留量低,类胡萝卜素含量最大,中部、上部烟叶分别为(177.84±5.69)μg/g和(139.93±1.13)μg/g,分别比处理2增加13.8%和20.1%,比处理1增加4.6%和10.0%,其中处理3烟叶的β-大马酮、β-二氢大马酮、巨豆三烯酮等及类西柏烷类含量、上部叶棕色化产物和新植二烯等致香成分含量均较高。前重后轻供氮模式的烟叶质量显著优于后期持续供氮模式的烟叶,有利于促进烟叶前期合成较多的质体色素,后期充分降解形成香气成分,对提高烟叶香味品质十分有利。

The effects of three different nitrogen supply patterns （Treatment 1： The nitrogen application amount of tobacco plants at root elongation,vigorous growth and maturity stage is 20%,45%and 35% of total nitrogen application amount respectively;Treatment 2：The nitrogen application amount of tobacco plants at root elongation,vigorous growth and maturity stage is 25%,55% and 20% of total nitrogen application amount respectively;Treatment 3：The nitrogen application amount of tobacco plants at root elongation,vigorous growth and maturity stage is 30%,65% and 5% of total nitrogen application amount respectively） on chromoplast pigment content in tobacco leaves and the content of aroma substances in cured tobacco leaves of Bina 1 were analyzed by the pot test to provide the theoretical basis for producing high-quality tobacco leaf.The degradation velocity of chromoplast pigment in tobacco leaves of treatment 3 at maturity stage is fast.The pigment residual amount and carotenoids content in cured tobacco leaves of Treatment 3 are low and the maximum.The carotenoids content in middle and upper leaf of cured tobacco leaves of Treatment 3 is 177.84±5.69 μg/g and 139.93±1.13 μg/g,13.8% and 20.1%, and 4.6% and 10.0% higher than treatment 2 and treatment1 respectively.Theβ-damascenone,β-dihydro damascenone and megastigmatrienone content in tobacco leaves and brown product and neophytadiene content in upper leaf of Treatment 3 are higher.The tobacco quality under the nitrogen supply model of Treatment 3 is significantly higher than under the nitrogen supply models of Treatment 2 and Treatment 1 because the nitrogen supply model of Treatment 3 benefits to promote synthesis of more chromoplast pigment in tobacco leaves at early growth stage and form aroma components by fully degrading chromoplast pigment at later growth stage,which is good for aroma quality of tobacco leaf.