产业结构与就业结构的区域差异比较分析

A Regional Comparative Analysis of Differences between Industrial Structure and Employment Structure

长期以来,我国产业结构与就业结构的失衡问题一直存在,而且区域之间的发展也不平衡。运用结构偏离度和就业弹性两项指标,比较分析进入新世纪以来我国东部、中部、西部三次产业的产值结构与就业结构差异以及二者的协调性问题。结果表明:三大地区第一产业的结构偏离度非但没有得到实质性的改善,而且还呈恶化的趋势;中、西部第二产业结构偏离度一直大于东部;第三产业结构偏离度不仅都为正值而且越来越小。第一产业仍存在剩余劳动力,尤以西部地区为甚;与此同时,第二、第三产业还有很大的就业空间,但三次产业就业弹性均在下降。据此,提出了相应的政策建议。

For a long time, the imbalances of industrial structure and employment structure have always been existing in China, so have the regional developments. Using the indexes of structure deviation and the employment elasticity, we comparatively analyze the output structure and employment structure of the three industries between the East, the Middle and the West in the new century. Meanwhile, we also compare the coordination of the output structure and employment structure. The results show that the structure deviation indexes of the primary industry in three regions have not been substantially improved, and they even have the tendency of deterioration;the structure deviation indexes of the secondary industry in the Middle and the West have been larger than the indexes in the East; the structure deviation indexes of the tertiary industry have been not only positive but also becoming smaller. There are many surplus labors in the primary industry, especially in the West, at the same time,there is much employment space in the secondary industry and the tertiary industry, but the employment elasticity of three industries have been in decline. Accordingly we put forward the respective policy suggestions in the end.