抗烧蚀C/C复合材料研究进展

Advances in the ablation resistance of C/C composites

C/C复合材料因优异的高温性能被认为是高温结构件的理想材料。然而,C/C复合材料在高温高速粒子冲刷环境下的氧化烧蚀问题严重制约其应用。因此,如何提高C/C复合材料的抗烧蚀性能显得尤为重要。笔者综述C/C复合材料抗烧蚀的研究现状。目前,提高C/C复合材料抗烧蚀性能的途径主要集中于优化炭纤维预制体结构、控制热解炭织构、基体中陶瓷掺杂改性和表面涂覆抗烧蚀涂层等4种方法。主要介绍以上4种方法的研究现状,重点介绍基体改性和抗烧蚀涂层的最新研究进展。其中,涂层和基体改性是提高C/C复合材料抗烧蚀性能的两种有效方法。未来C/C复合材料抗烧蚀研究的潜在方向主要集中于降低制造成本、控制热解炭织构、优化掺杂的陶瓷相以及将基体改性和涂层技术相结合。

Carbon/carbon （ C/C） composites are considered the most promising materials for high-temperature structural applica-tions owing to their excellent properties at high temperature. However, oxidation and ablation limits their applications in oxygen-containing environments at ultrahigh temperatures and high-speed gas flows. How to improve oxidation and ablation resistance of the C/C composites has become a critical issue. The methods for improving oxidation and ablation resistance of the C/C composites are reviewed, which mainly focus on optimizing the carbon fiber weave structure, controlling the pyrolytic carbon texture, modifying the matrix, and coating with anti-ablative ceramic layers. Matrix modification and coating technology have been proved to be the two effective ways of dealing with the problem. Development directions on producing oxidation and ablation resistive C/C compos-ites are concentrated on decreasing preparation cost, controlling pyrolytic carbon texture, optimizing compositions of the doped ce-ramics used in the matrix and the coating layer, and combining matrix modification with an anti-ablation coating.