不同种植点忍冬生长性状的变异及其与地理气候因子的相关性分析

Variation of growth traits of Lonicera japonica at different cultivation plots and its correlation analysis with geographic and climatic factors

对产自山东、河南和河北3个主产区9个种植点的忍冬(Lonicera japonica Thunb.)植株的12项生长性状指标(包括株高和冠径以及叶片、新生枝条和花蕾的相关性状)进行测定,并对不同种植点忍冬植株生长性状的变异程度、忍冬生长性状间及其与地理气候因子间的相关性进行了分析,在此基础上,对9个种植点的忍冬植株进行了聚类分析。结果表明:忍冬植株的生长性状在3个主产区间以及同一种植点内和不同种植点间均存在较大变异,其中株高、冠径、新生枝条的长度和直径以及着花节间长度的变异系数较大,而叶片和花蕾相关指标的变异系数较小。相关性分析结果表明:在忍冬植株的生长性状中,着花节间长度与新生枝条长度、花蕾干质量与株高均呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),叶片长度与新生枝条直径和叶片长宽比、株高与冠径、花蕾直径与花蕾长度均呈显著正相关(P<0.05),花蕾干质量与新生枝条直径呈显著负相关。在忍冬植株的各生长性状与种植点地理气候因子间,经度与叶片长宽比呈显著正相关、与株高和花蕾长度呈显著负相关、与花蕾干质量呈极显著负相关;年平均气温与着花节间长度呈显著正相关;年降水量与花蕾干质量呈极显著负相关;日照时数与叶片长宽比呈显著负相关。聚类分析结果表明:以忍冬植株生长性状间的相关系数为依据,可将9个忍冬种植点聚为2组,第1组包括河北广宗城关和巨鹿阎瞳、河南新密尖山和延津石婆固,第2组包括河北巨鹿堤村,河南封丘鲁岗,山东平邑郑城、平邑流峪和费县梁邱。研究结果表明:不同种植点忍冬植株的生长性状与地理气候因子间有一定相关性,其中经度与生长性状间有明显相关性,表明环境因素对忍冬植株形态特征具有明显的影响。

Twelve growth traits （ including plant height, crown diameter, and related traits of leaf, new branch and flower bud） of Lonicera japonica Thunb. at nine cultivation plots in three main production areas of Shandong, He’ nan and Hebei were determined, and variation degree of growth traits at different cultivation plots, correlation among growth traits and correlation among growth traits with geographic and climatic factors were analyzed. On this basis, cluster analysis on L. japonica at nine cultivation plots was done. The results show that there are larger variations of all growth traits of L. japonica among three main production areas, within and among cultivation plots, in which, variation coefficients of plant height, diameter of crown, length and diameter of new branch, and length of flowering internode are larger, while those of related indexes of leaf and flower bud are smaller. The result of correlation analysis shows that in growth traits of L. japonica, there is extremely significantly positive correlation （P〈0. 01） between length of flowering internode and length of new branch and between flower bud dry weight and plant height,there is significantly positive correlation （ P〈0 . 05 ） in leaf length with new branch diameter and ratio of leaf length to leaf width, between plant height and diameter of crown, and between flower bud diameter and flower bud length, and there is significantly negative correlation between flower bud dry weight and new branch diameter. Among growth traits of L. japonica with geographic and climatic factors of cultivation plot, longitude has a significantly positive correlation with ratio of leaf length to leaf width, has a significantly negative correlation with plant height and flower bud length, and has an extremely significantly negative correlation with flower bud dry weight;annual mean temperature has a significantly positive correlation with length of flowering internode;annual precipitation has an extremely significantly negative correlation with flower bud dry weight; and sunshine duration has a significantly negative correlation with ratio of leaf length to leaf width. The result of cluster analysis shows that nine cultivation plots are clustered into two groups according to correlation coefficients among growth traits of L. japonica, in which the first group includes Chengguan in Guangzong and Yantong in Julu of Hebei, Jianshan inⅩinmi and Shipogu in Yanjin of He’ nan, and the second group includes Dicun in Julu of Hebei, Lugang in Fengqiu of He’ nan, and Zhengcheng in Pingyi, Liuyu in Pingyi and Liangqiu in Feixian of Shandong. It is suggested that there is a certain correlation in growth traits of L. japonica at different cultivation plots with geographic and climatic factors, in which the correlation between longitude and growth trait is obvious, indicating that environmental factor has an obvious effect on morphological characteristics of L. japonica.