雌雄异株植物对干旱胁迫响应的性别差异

On gender difference of dioecious plant in response to drought stress

依据大量的文献,从生长和生殖、生理和代谢以及遗传和分子生物学特性等方面对干旱胁迫条件下雌雄异株植物的性别差异特征及抗性差异进行了总结和分析;在此基础上,提出了进一步研究的方向。结果表明:由于雌雄异株植物的雌株和雄株间存在不同的繁殖消耗、生存策略以及适应进化特征,因而,在干旱胁迫条件下雌株和雄株的形态结构和生长特性、生殖分配、生理生化特征(包括光合特性、水分利用效率、保护酶系统与渗透调节物质水平等)以及分子生物学特征(包括核酸序列、同功酶谱和蛋白质组学特性等)也均具有不同的变化趋势,且因植物种类、习性(草本或木本)和生长阶段的不同而异。总体上看,在干旱胁迫条件下,多数雌雄异株种类的雄株具有更佳的生长特性、更高的光合速率和水分利用效率,细胞中保护酶活性和渗透调节物质含量也较高,因而,对干旱环境的抗性及适应性也强于雌株。根据上述分析结果,认为今后应从种群水平和分子水平开展雌雄异株植物在干旱胁迫条件下性别差异特征的相关研究。

Based on a large number of literatures, gender difference characteristics and resistance difference of dioecious plant under drought stress were summarized and analyzed from characteristics of growth and reproduction, physiology and metabolism, heredity and molecular biology, etc. On this basis, the further research directions were put forward. The result shows that due to different reproductive consumption, survival strategy and adaptive evolution characteristics existed between female plant and male plant of dioecious plant, so there are different changing trends in morphological structure and growth characteristics, reproductive allocation, physiological and biochemical characteristics （ including photosynthesis characteristics, water use efficiency, protective enzyme system and osmotic adjustment substance level, etc ） and molecular biology characteristics （ including nucleotide sequence, isozyme pattern and proteomics characteristics, etc.） between female plant and male plant under drought stress condition, and these changing trends vary with species, habit （ herb or woody plant） and growth stage of plant. In general, male plants of the majority of dioecious plants under drought stress possess better growth characteristics, higher photosynthetic rate and water use efficiency, higher protective enzyme activity and osmotic adjustment substance content in cell as well, so their resistance and adaptability to drought environment are stronger than those of female plants. Based on above-mentioned analysis results, related research on gender difference characteristics of dioecious plant under drought stress should be conducted in population level and molecular level in future.