2010至2012年天津市男性工作环境与吸烟归因死亡的研究

Work environments and mortality attributable to smoking： a study among male citizens from 2010 to 2012 in Tianjin, China

目的 分析天津市男性在不同工作环境中吸烟归因死亡的状况,为工作场所和公共场所禁烟提供科学依据.方法 收集2010至2012年天津市38 312例18～69岁的男性死亡者信息,分析不同工作环境中吸烟导致肺癌、心脑血管疾病死亡的风险.结果 18～69岁死亡男性中22.57％是由吸烟引起的,吸烟者平均损失5年的寿命.开始吸烟年龄早、每天吸烟支数多死亡风险高.室内车间人员（OR=1.82,95％CI：1.55～2.15）、室内办公人员（OR=1.59,95％CI：1.39～1.81）、室内公共场所人员（OR=1.55,95％CI：1.19～2.01）因吸烟导致心脑血管疾病死亡的风险高于室外工作人员（OR=1.23,95％CI：1.12～1.35）;室内车间人员（OR=3.80,95％CI：3.03～4.76）、室内办公人员（OR=3.04,95％CI：2.48～3.73）、室内公共场所人员（OR=4.63,95％CI：3.08～6.96）因吸烟导致肺癌死亡的风险高于室外工作人员（OR=2.57,95％CI：2.22～2.97）;在室内公共场所工作的18岁以前开始吸烟者因肺癌死亡的风险高于室外工作者和其他室内工作者.结论 吸烟是导致天津男性居民死亡的主要危险因素,也是导致劳动力人口损失的重要因素.室内工作人员吸烟导致死亡的风险高于室外环境,应尽快采取有效措施禁止室内工作场所吸娴,减少吸烟引起的死亡.

Objective To analyze the mortality attributable to smoking in different work environments among male citizens in Tianjin,China,and to provide scientific evidence for banning smoking in workplaces and public places.Methods The data of 38 312 male deaths 18～69 years of age in Tianjin from 2010 to 2012 were collected.The risk of death due to lung cancer and cardiovascular diseases attributed to smoking in different work environments was analyzed.Results Among the male deaths 18～69 years of age in Tianjin,22.57% were caused by smoking,and the life scan of smokers was shortened by 5 years on average.The smokers who started smoking at an early age and had high dialy cigarette consumption were at high risk of death.The risk of death due to cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases among workers in indoor workshop（OR=1.82,95%CI：1.55～ 2.15）,indoor office personnel （OR =1.59,95%CI：1.39～1.81） 、indoor public places （OR =1.55,95%CI：1.19～2.01） were higher than outdoor workers （OR=1.23,95%CI：1.12～1.35）.The risk of death due to lung cancer among workers in indoor workshop （OR =3.80,95% CI：3.03 ～4.76）,indoor office personnel （OR =3.04,95% CI：2.48 ～3.73）、indoor public places （OR =4.63,95% CI：3.08 ～6.96）were higher than outdoor workers （OR =2.57,95% CI：2.22 ～2.97）.The risk of death due to lung cancer and cardiovascular diseases among indoor workers was higher than that among outdoor workers.The risk of death due to lung cancer among indoor workers in public places who started smoking when they were younger than 18 years of age was higher than those among outdoor workers and other indoor workers.Conclusion Smoking is a major risk factor for mortality among male citizens in Tianjin,and also a key factor for the loss of labor productivity.Indoor workers have a higher risk of mortality than outdoor workers.In order to reduce the mortality attributable to smoking,effective actions should be taken as soon as possible to ban smoking in indoor workplaces.