瑞金医院灼伤整形科2003—2012年住院儿童烧伤流行病学研究

Epidemiological study on hospitalized burns children admitted by Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery of Ruijin Hospital during 2003-2012

目的回顾瑞金医院灼伤整形科2003—2012年收治烧伤儿童的临床资料,掌握流行病学规律,为减少儿童烧伤发生率寻找有效介入途径。方法归纳总结2003—2012年0~14岁烧伤儿童的住院病史,研究指标包括患者一般情况、烧伤类型、烧伤程度及部位、烧伤面积、是否接受手术、住院天数等。结果共纳入患者1 844例,其中1 112例（60.3%）来自外来务工人员家庭;2008—2012年患者数为2003—2007年的2倍,以0~3岁居多,占73.8%;各年龄群中,热液烧伤仍为最主要烧伤类型;春季（29.6%）及夏季（26.7%）烧伤发生率较高。1 015例患儿烧伤累及上肢;575例患儿接受植皮等手术治疗;平均住院时间为11 d;共有7例电击伤行截肢（指）术;死亡7例,6例为热液烧伤,1例为火焰烧伤。结论绝大多数烧伤儿童（及重度烧伤）来自外来务工人员家庭;随着上海市常住人口的增长,烧伤患儿人数也在逐年增多;重点针对外来务工人员家庭尤其是0~3岁儿童家庭的烧伤安全教育可能是减少儿童烧伤发生的有效手段。

Objective To reviewthe clinical data of burned children admitted in the Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery of Ruijin H ospital between 2003- 2012, understand epidemiological rules, and identify efficient ways to reduce the incidence of paediatric burns.Methods M edical histories of 0- 14 years old burned children who admitted in Ruijin H ospital from2003 to 2012 were summarized.Research indexes included the basic information of patients, burn etiology, burn extent, anatomical locations, burn areas, operation, and hospitalization days, etc.Results A total of 1 844 patients were enrolled and 1 112（ 60.3%） patients were frommigrant families.The number of patients admitted during 2008- 2012 doubled as compared to the number of patients admitted during 2003- 2007.M ost patients were 0- 3 years old and accounted for 73.8% of all patients.Scalding was the main cause of paediatric burns of each age group.The incidence of burns was high in spring（ 29.6%） and summer（ 26.7%）.The upper extremities of 1 015 patients were burned and 575 patients underwent skin graft operations.The average hospital stay was 11 d.Seven amputations were performed for patients with electrical burns.Seven patients died.Six of themdied fromscalding and one died fromflame burn injury.Conclusion M ost burned children are frommigrant families.The number of burned children increases with the growth of resident population in Shanghai.Safety education for migrant families, especially those with 0- 3 years old children, may be an effective way to reduce the incidence of paediatric burns.