碳质气溶胶的放射性碳同位素(^(14)C)源解析:原理、方法和研究进展

Principle,Method Development and Application of Radiocarbon(^(14)C)—Based Source Apportionment of Carbonaceous Aerosols: A Review

碳质气溶胶(或颗粒物)作为大气气溶胶的重要组成,对环境、气候和人类健康造成了巨大的危害。其主要组成成分有机碳和元素碳具有不同的来源特征,且对人类健康和气候系统的影响也具有明显的差异。放射性碳同位素(14C)不仅能定性区分生物源和化石源,还能定量分析不同来源对有机碳和元素碳的贡献比率。重点评述了放射性碳同位素法对气溶胶源解析的技术原理、分离测试方法以及在我国应用的研究进展;最后提出了国内研究应加强的领域和利用放射性碳同位素法研究大气气溶胶的发展趋势。

Carbonaceous aerosols（ or particles）,which constitute one of most significant contribution of the atmospheric aerosols,are of worldwide concern due to their effects on environment,climate and human health. Two sub-fractions of total carbonaceous content of aerosols,Organic Carbon（ OC） and Elemental Carbon（ EC）,not only differ in their origins but also in their effects on climate and human health. Radiocarbon（14C）,as a radioactive isotope of carbon,has been proven to be a powerful tool of qualification and quantification of fossil and non-fossil contributions to OC and EC. This review introduces the principal and recent progress in the development of isolation method of different carbonaceous fraction for14 C measurement and compiles the results from14C-based source apportionment in China. Finally,the review concludes with some comments on current issues and future prospects using14 C as a source apportionment tool of atmospheric aerosols.