我国城市规划中气候信息应用回顾与展望

The Application of Climate Information in Urban Planning in China:Retrospect and Future Prospect

城市规划中气候信息的应用经历了从早期的风玫瑰图利用到考虑风、温、湿、压等要素的气候适宜性分析以及目前关注城市通风环境、热环境以及污染敏感区的城市环境气候图技术的历程。气候信息获得的途径也从数量极为有限的基本气象观测站资料到空间加密的自动气象站资料、更精细的气象数值模式以及精细化地理信息技术的应用。同时,细化的技术导则和规范的建立以及不同行业间的联合发文有力推动了气候信息的实际应用。此外,研究展示了近年开展的伊犁、深圳、北京实际案例主要内容。最后,针对未来我国将根据大气环流特征和生态环境承载能力、走优化城镇空间布局和城镇规模结构的新型城镇化道路,从工作层面和技术层面给出了需要不断完善并深入研究的几个重点。

The climate information application in urban planning in China has gone through several stages. In the early stage,climate information application only focused on wind rose diagram and climatic suitability analysis of more climate elements has been recently developed,such as wind,temperature,humidity,pressure,etc. The research of urban climatic map has been spread rapidly,which puts more attention to urban ventilation environment,thermal environment and pollution sensitive areas. Nowadays,the way of climate information obtained has transferred from limited basic meteorological station data to large numbers of intensive automatic meteorological station data,and to the application of meteorological numerical model of higher resolution and geographical information technology,which could help researchers to capture more accurate information. This paper pointed out that the formulation of relevant standards is equally important besides the technology advance,and gave some examples about the compiling of industrial and local standards. In addition,intersectional collaboration also had more favorable advantages in promoting the practical application of climate information. Meanwhile,this study also demonstrated several actual cases of Yili,Shenzhen and Beijing in recent years. Finally,based on the atmospheric circulation characteristics and ecological capacity,new urbanization will focus on optimizing the urbanization spatial layout and urban-scale structure. This paper also gave several key issues which need to be constantly improved and studied in working and technical levels,respectively.