老年人平衡能力测试表评估跌倒风险的信效度研究

The reliability and validity of balancing ability test for elder people

目的：对老年人平衡能力测试表评估跌倒风险进行信效度检验。方法用分层随机抽样的方法选择居住在秦皇岛市城市社区的60岁及以上老年人1600例，对过去1年的跌倒和平衡能力进行调查。结果老年人平衡能力测试表总Cronbach’α系数为0．910。各条目得分与总得分之间的相关系数在0．621～0．781之间，相关性有统计学意义（ P＜0．01）。无跌倒老年人得分明显低于有跌倒老年人得分（1．67±3．60 vs 4．00±6．32），差异有统计学意义（t＝4．545，P＝0．000）。老年人平衡能力测试表识别跌倒的ROC曲线下面积为0．633（95％CI：0．584～0．681，P＝0．000）。当界值为1时，测试表预测效度的综合评价指标Youden指数最高为0．221，此时灵敏度为0．599，特异度为0．622。结论老年人跌倒平衡测试表是一种简单、方便、有效的评估工具，其评估老年人跌倒风险的信度和效度较好，适合社区卫生服务人员用以评估老年人的跌倒危险性。

Objective To explore the reliability and validity of balancing ability test for elder people.Methods Stratified random sampling was applied in this study.A total of 1600 elder adults with age 60 years and over from communities of Qinhuangdao were recruited.The fall event and balancing ability during the last 1 year were investigated.Results Cronbach’αcoefficient was 0.910 according to the balancing ability test.Pearson’ s correlation coefficient ranged between 0.621 and 0.781 （ P〈0.01）.The scores of older people without falls were lower than the scores of older people with falls （1.67 ±3.60 vs 4.00 ± 6.32, t=4.545, P=0.000）.The area under the curve was 0.633 （95%CI：0.584-0.681, P=0.000）.When the cutoff value was 1, the maximum Youden index was 0.221, and the sensitivity and specificity were 0.599 and 0.622, respectively.Conclusion The balancing ability test for elder people was a simple, convenient, and safe assessment method with good reliability and validity, which could be applied for the fall risk assessment for the elder people in the community.