代谢工程改造微生物高产氨基酸的策略

Strategy of Metabolic Engineering Microorganism for High Yield Amino Acids

氨基酸作为一类营养物质在维持机体正常的生理生化反应方面具有重要的功能,常用作食品、药品和化妆品等的添加剂。氨基酸的生产主要依靠微生物发酵,产氨基酸菌的选育却是制约大规模工业生产氨基酸的重要因素。随着微生物分子育种技术的发展和运用,利用代谢工程改造细胞本身固有的代谢网络,指导氨基酸高产菌的选育已成为当前研究的热点。以谷氨酸棒杆菌(Corynebacterium glutamicum)为例,就该菌株代谢网络的特征以及高产氨基酸的代谢工程策略和应用进行综述。

Amino acids, which play the irreplaceable role in maintaining the body＇s normal physiology as a kind of nutrient substances, are usually used as additives in food, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics. Production of amino acids mainly relies on microbial fermentation. However, high yield amino acid strain by selection hinders the large-scale industrial production. Application of metabolic engineering has become a hot spot of research in microbial metabolism network and genetically modification for screening high yield amino acid strain with the development of metabolic engineering strategy and technology in molecular breeding. The characteristic of C. glutamicum metabolism network and metabolic engineering strategy in molecular breeding of C. glutamicum-producing amino acids are introduced.