甘肃徐家城旧石器遗址石制品拼合研究

Refitting Analysis of Stone Artifacts from the Xujiacheng Site, Gansu Province, North China

徐家城遗址是甘肃省新发现的含丰富旧石器文化遗物的遗址,主要埋藏于水洛河二级阶地上覆的马兰黄土中,年代在距今4.3~2.3万年间。徐家城遗址的拼合分析显示,4B、4C层剥片与石器加工行为是石制品空间分布形成的主要原因,但可能存在遗址使用时古人类对石制品位置改变的行为;4A层石制品零散分布可能反映了此时遗址处于古人类活动的边缘地带。遗址剥片方法以硬锤锤击法为主,石核剥片序列主要以转向为主,古人类对石料进行单层或多层开发;同时部分石器破碎后古人类可能对其进行再利用。平面分布显示发掘区内可能存在两个相对集中的剥片区域,并且古人类在同一区域剥片和加工石器。然因遗址石制品原料性质、发掘面积等局限性,拼合分析的优势并未在此项研究中尽现。今后此类研究应结合其他研究方法,综合多方面信息解释遗址形成过程、石器技术及遗址空间利用方式。

The Xujiacheng site is a significant Paleolithic site yielding plenty of archeological materials, buried in the Malan Loess overlying the second terrace of the Shuiluo River in Zhuanglang County, Gansu Province. AMS14C dating and comparing climate events with othersites indicate that the entire suite of assemblages span a period from roughly 46,000 to 23,000 calibrated radiocarbon years BP. Refitting analysis shows that the distribution of stone artifacts in the main archaeological layers （4B, 4C） resulted from stone flaking and retouch, probably combined with intentional artifact movements by ancient occupants. The sparse distribution in the upper layer（4A） may demonstrate that the site was located at the edge of the main occupied area during the time span of 4A. Hard hammer percussion is the main technique for flaking, and cores are always rotated to exploit the stone on several flaking surfaces. Ancient occupants may have moved the broken stone tools to other places and reused them. Distribution of refitted pieces revealed that there were two main flaking areas, and occupants made the tools in the same area. Limited by raw materials and the small excavated area, this research does not show the potential of refitting analysis. Future studies should combine more research strategies together, such as use wear, lithic technology, and minimum analytical nodule analysis, to understand site formation and human behavior.